{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:05:56Z","timestamp":1776920756990,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030\u2010156823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030\u2010156823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030\u2010179428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030\u2010179428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030\u2010159870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030\u2010159870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>B cells play a crucial role during rhinovirus (RV) infections by production of virus\u2010neutralizing antibodies. A main feature of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is hypogammaglobulinemia (HG). HG patients have severely reduced levels of antibody\u2010producing B cells and suffer from prolonged virus infections. Here, we addressed whether antiviral response of peripheral blood lymphocytes differs between HG patients and healthy individuals during natural RV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using fluorescence\u2010activated cell sorting, B\u2010cell subsets were analyzed. Simultaneously, CD19\u00a0+\u00a0B cells, CD14\u00a0+\u00a0monocytes, and CD3\u00a0+\u00a0T cells were sorted from frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 RV\u2010infected hypogammaglobulinemia patients, 7 RV\u2010infected control subjects, and 14 noninfected control subjects. Real\u2010time PCR was used to study expression of antiviral genes. A pan\u2010RV PCR was used to detect RV genome in all samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In HG patients, total B\u2010cell numbers, as well as IgA\u00a0+\u00a0and IgG\u00a0+\u00a0switched memory B cells, were reduced while na\u00efve B cells and T cells were increased. <jats:italic>STAT1<\/jats:italic> expression was increased in HG patients compared to controls in all lymphocyte subsets analyzed. The expression of antiviral genes <jats:italic>IFITM1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MX1<\/jats:italic> correlated with <jats:italic>STAT1<\/jats:italic> expression in B cells and monocytes. RV RNA was found in 88.9% of monocytes from infected HG patients, 85.7% of monocytes from infected controls, and 7.1% of monocytes from uninfected controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate an increased antiviral response in B cells and monocytes in HG patients and their correlation with STAT1 expression. Monocytes of infected HG patients and infected non\u2010HG controls carry RV RNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,13]],"date-time":"2020-06-13T09:35:43Z","timestamp":1592040943000},"page":"3147-3158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Increased antiviral response in circulating lymphocytes from hypogammaglobulinemia patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0377-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver F.","family":"Wirz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6yk\u00fc","family":"\u00dcz\u00fclmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstin","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"van de Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Christine K\u00fchne\u2014Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK\u2010CARE) Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Auli","family":"Lammela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Virology University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heimo","family":"Breiteneder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezmi A.","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Christine K\u00fchne\u2014Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK\u2010CARE) Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcbeccel","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196612082752301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13473"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6989.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880003106X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0464-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361226a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3581"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.2.794","article-title":"Interferons up\u2010regulate STAT1, STAT2, and IRF family transcription factor gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages","volume":"159","author":"Lehtonen A","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01646-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1571-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804181105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.4.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0312-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2015.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000234426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813819115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206970109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.89.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-98"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027898"}],"container-title":["Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fall.14445","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.14445","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/all.14445","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.14445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T03:17:57Z","timestamp":1693711077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.14445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/all.14445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14445","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-4538","type":"print"},{"value":"1398-9995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}