{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:49:03Z","timestamp":1791776943995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":358,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Modern health care requires a proactive and individualized response to diseases, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Accordingly, the approach to patients with allergic diseases encompasses novel developments in the area of personalized medicine, disease phenotyping and endotyping, and the development and application of reliable biomarkers. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by the detection of IgE immunoreactivity against specific allergens still represents the state of the art. However, nowadays, further emphasis focuses on the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic standards and a large number of studies have been investigating the biomarkers of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Various biomarkers have been developed by omics technologies, some of which lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. The introduction of biologicals to clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers for patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring, to allow for an adequate choice of the duration of these costly and long\u2010lasting therapies. Escalating healthcare costs together with questions about the efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases require further development of a biomarker\u2010driven approach. Here, we review biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, viral infections, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy with a special emphasis on specific IgE, the microbiome and the epithelial barrier. In addition, EAACI guidelines on biologicals are discussed within the perspective of biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T04:00:37Z","timestamp":1600056037000},"page":"3039-3068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heimo","family":"Breiteneder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0084-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Qi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"CK CARE Christine K\u00fchne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010Sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Agache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-0100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Diamant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine &amp; Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy &amp; Pharmacology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Eiwegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4852-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wytske J.","family":"Fokkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Traidl\u2010Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CK CARE Christine K\u00fchne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA\u2010T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen Augsburg Germany"},{"name":"ZIEL \u2010 Institute for Food &amp; Health Technical University of Munich Freising\u2010Weihenstephan Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sean N. 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