{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:12:50Z","timestamp":1790813570525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7\u2010KBBE\u20102012\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\u2010KBBE\u20102012\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004965","name":"Sixth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOOD\u2010CT\u20102005\u2010514000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOOD\u2010CT\u20102005\u2010514000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Coexistence of childhood asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis is higher than can be expected by chance, suggesting a common mechanism. Data on allergic multimorbidity from a pan\u2010European, population\u2010based birth cohort study have been lacking. This study compares the prevalence and early\u2010life risk factors of these diseases in European primary school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In the prospective multicentre observational EuroPrevall\u2010iFAAM birth cohort study, we used standardized questionnaires on sociodemographics, medical history, parental allergies and lifestyle, and environmental exposures at birth, 12 and 24\u00a0months. At primary school age, parents answered ISAAC\u2010based questions on current asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Allergic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least two of these.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>From 10,563 children recruited at birth in 8\u00a0study centres, we included data from 5,572 children (mean age 8.2\u00a0years; 51.8% boys). Prevalence estimates were as follows: asthma, 8.1%; allergic rhinitis, 13.3%; and eczema, 12.0%. Allergic multimorbidity was seen in 7.0% of the whole cohort, ranging from 1.2% (Athens, Greece) to 10.9% (Madrid, Spain). Risk factors for allergic multimorbidity, identified with AICc, included family\u2010allergy\u2010score, odds ratio (OR) 1.50 (95% CI 1.32\u20131.70) per standard deviation; early\u2010life allergy symptoms, OR 2.72 (2.34\u20133.16) for each symptom; and caesarean birth, OR 1.35 (1.04\u20131.76). Female gender, OR 0.72 (0.58\u20130.90); older siblings, OR 0.79 (0.63\u20130.99); and day care, OR 0.81 (0.63\u20131.06) were protective factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Allergic multimorbidity should be regarded as an important chronic childhood disease in Europe. Some of the associated early\u2010life factors are modifiable and may be considered for prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T12:40:33Z","timestamp":1619959233000},"page":"2855-2865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Prevalence and early\u2010life risk factors of school\u2010age allergic multimorbidity: The EuroPrevall\u2010iFAAM birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigurveig T.","family":"Sigurdardottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik 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Institute of Biotechnology University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4448-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos G.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"},{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9204-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Xepapadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department 2nd Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fiandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy La Paz 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