{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1789402599771,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 can present with lymphopenia and extraordinary complex multiorgan pathologies that can trigger long\u2010term sequela.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given that inflammasome products, like caspase\u20101, play a role in the pathophysiology of a number of co\u2010morbid conditions, we investigated caspases across the spectrum of COVID\u201019 disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed transcriptional states of multiple caspases and using flow cytometry, the expression of active caspase\u20101 in blood cells from COVID\u201019 patients in acute and convalescent stages of disease. Non\u2010COVID\u201019 subject presenting with various comorbid conditions served as controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010cell RNA\u2010seq data of immune cells from COVID\u201019 patients showed a distinct caspase expression pattern in T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and eosinophils compared with controls. Caspase\u20101 was upregulated in CD4+\u00a0T\u2010cells from hospitalized COVID\u201019 patients compared with unexposed controls. Post\u2010COVID\u201019 patients with lingering symptoms (long\u2010haulers) also showed upregulated caspase\u20101activity in CD4+\u00a0T\u2010cells that\u00a0ex vivo\u00a0was attenuated with a select pan\u2010caspase inhibitor. We observed elevated caspase\u20103\/7levels in red blood cells from COVID\u201019 patients compared with controls that was reduced following caspase inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our preliminary results suggest an exuberant caspase response in COVID\u201019 that may facilitate immune\u2010related pathological processes leading to severe outcomes. Further clinical correlations of caspase expression in different stages of COVID\u201019 will be needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pan\u2010caspase inhibition could emerge as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate or prevent severe COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T02:29:30Z","timestamp":1621132170000},"page":"118-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Caspases and therapeutic potential of caspase inhibitors in moderate\u2013severe SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and long COVID"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Plassmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7467-8541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oral","family":"Alpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Weill Cornell Medicine  New York City NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-3421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Premeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Weill Cornell Medicine  New York City NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberleigh","family":"Lillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Coatney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Michalsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amerimmune  Fairfax VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina P. 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