{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:34:22Z","timestamp":1780414462812,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacille Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine could play a role in counteracting the rising prevalence of atopic diseases, through its beneficial off\u2010target effects. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of eczema in infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trial with 1272 infants allocated to receive BCG\u2010Denmark or no BCG at birth. The primary outcome was the 12\u2010month incidence of eczema based on 3\u2010monthly questionnaires. Eczema was also assessed at a 12\u2010month clinic visit. ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01906853.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 12\u2010month eczema incidence was 32.2% in the BCG group compared with 36.6% in the control group (adjusted risk difference (aRD) \u22124.3%, 95% CI \u22129.9% to 1.3%, multiple imputation model). In addition, comparing infants in the BCG group with the control group, 15.7% vs. 19.2% had eczema lesions at the 12\u2010month visit (aRD \u22123.5%, 95% CI \u22128.0% to 1.0%); 35.7% vs. 39.0% reported using topical steroids (aRD \u22123.3, 95% CI \u22129.2 to 2.7); and 7.3% vs. 10.2% had severe eczema scores (aRD \u22123.0%, 95% CI \u22128.8% to 2.7%). In 344 high\u2010risk infants (two atopic parents), the 12\u2010month eczema incidence was 35.3% in the BCG group compared with 46.8% in the control group (aRD \u221211.5%, 95% CI \u221221.9% to \u22121.2%; number needed to treat 8.7, 95% CI 4.6 to 83.3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is insufficient evidence to recommend neonatal BCG vaccination in all infants for the prevention of eczema in the first year of life; however, a modest beneficial effect was observed among high\u2010risk infants. A single dose of BCG\u2010Denmark soon after birth could reduce the incidence of eczema in infants with two atopic parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T13:55:52Z","timestamp":1627307752000},"page":"956-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevention of infant eczema by neonatal Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin vaccination: The MIS BAIR randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2395-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure F.","family":"Pittet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Group Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases The 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