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Gestational age influences early immune system development, thereby potentially affecting the process of tolerance induction to allergens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study IgE sensitization to common allergens by gestational age from childhood up to early adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based birth cohort, data from the Swedish BAMSE study were used. Allergen\u2010specific IgE antibodies to a mix of common food (fx5) and inhalant (Phadiatop) allergens were analysed at 4, 8, 16 and 24\u00a0years. Sensitization was defined as allergen\u2010specific IgE \u22650.35\u00a0kU<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\/L to fx5 and\/or Phadiatop at each time point.\u00a0Using logistic regression and generalized estimated equations, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for sensitization in relation to gestational age were calculated. Replication was sought within the Swedish twin study STOPPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In BAMSE, 3522 participants were screened for IgE antibodies during follow\u2010up; of these, 197 (5.6%) were born preterm (&lt;37\u00a0gestational weeks) and 330 (9.4%) post\u2010term (\u226542\u00a0weeks). Preterm birth reduced the risk of sensitization to common food and\/or inhalant allergens up to early adulthood by 29% (overall aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.71; 95% CI: 0.52\u20130.98), and to food allergens specifically by 40% (overall aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.60; 95% CI: 0.38\u20130.93). No relation was found between post\u2010term birth and IgE sensitization at any time point. Replication analyses in STOPPA (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0675) showed similar risk estimates for sensitization to food and\/or inhalant allergens (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.72; 95% CI: 0.42\u20131.21), which resulted in a combined meta\u2010analysis aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.71 (95% CI: 0.54\u20130.94).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests an inverse association between preterm birth and long\u2010term IgE sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T10:00:33Z","timestamp":1630922433000},"page":"1570-1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Preterm birth reduces the risk of IgE sensitization up to early adulthood: A population\u2010based birth cohort 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