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However, allergen sensitization\u2010induced alterations in transcriptome of tonsils are not known.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the key differences in tonsillar gene expression between atopic and non\u2010atopic subjects and further by type of sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>RNA\u2010sequencing was performed on 52 tonsillar samples from atopic and non\u2010atopic tonsillectomy patients. Sensitization to common food\u2010 and aero\u2010allergen was defined by allergen specific IgE. Following groups were studied: (1) aero\u2010 and food\u2010allergen sensitized (AS+FS) versus non\u2010sensitized (NS), (2) aeroallergen\u2010sensitized (AS) versus food\u2010allergen sensitized (FS), (3) AS versus NS, (4) FS versus NS. Bioinformatics analysis was done using DESeq2(v3.10.2), WGCNA and GATK pipeline in R software (v3.3.1). Protein\u2013protein interaction network was made from String database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 13 aeroallergen\u2010sensitized, 6 food\u2010allergen sensitized, 4 both food\u2010and aero\u2010allergen\u2010sensitized and 29 non\u2010sensitized tonsillectomy patients. Overall, 697 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in all sensitized subgroups including chemokines (<jats:italic>CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>IL\u201020RA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MUC1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MUC20<\/jats:italic>. When comparing different groups, the gene expression profiles overlapped except the AS versus FS group comparison, suggesting significantly different gene expression between the two sensitization subgroups. Furthermore, aeroallergen\u2010sensitized subjects had more prominent immune responses compared with non\u2010sensitized and food\u2010allergen sensitized subjects including gene expression for IL\u201017 pathway and Toll\u2010like receptor signalling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic sensitization is associated with extensive tonsillar transcriptomic alterations and changes in immune related genes and pathways. Distinct differences were found between aero\u2010allergen and food\u2010allergen sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T08:05:47Z","timestamp":1658995547000},"page":"522-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tonsillar transcriptional profiles in atopic and non\u2010atopic subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9158-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanzeela","family":"Hanif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Haartman Institute University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotta E.","family":"Ivaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics Center Zurich ETH Z\u00fcrich\/University of Z\u00fcrich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research University of Z\u00fcrich  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Christine Kuhne\u2010Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK\u2010CARE)  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Mikola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Satakunta Central Hospital  Pori Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomo","family":"Puhakka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research University of Z\u00fcrich  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Christine Kuhne\u2010Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK\u2010CARE)  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezmi A.","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research University of Z\u00fcrich  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Christine Kuhne\u2010Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK\u2010CARE)  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Toppila\u2010Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki &amp; Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Justiz VaillantAA ModiP JanA.Atopy. 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