{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:46:00Z","timestamp":1792251960764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81861138005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81861138005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The urban ambient air quality has been largely improved in the past decade. It is unknown whether childhood asthma prevalence is still increasing in ever top\u2010ranking city of Shanghai, whether the improved air quality is beneficial for children's asthma and what time window of exposure plays critical roles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a repeat cross\u2010sectional design, we analyzed the association between early life exposure to particles and wheezing\/asthma in each individual and combined surveys in 2011 and 2019, respectively, in 11,825 preschool children in Shanghai.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significantly lower prevalence of doctor\u2010diagnosed asthma (DDA) (6.6% vs. 10.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and wheezing (10.5% vs. 23.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was observed in 2019 compared to 2011. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), coarse particles (PM<jats:sub>2.5\u201310<\/jats:sub>) and inhalable particles (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) was decreased in 2019 by 6.3%, 35.4%, and 44.7% in uterus and 24.3%, 20.2%, and 31.8% in infancy, respectively. Multilevel log\u2010binomial regression analysis showed exposure in infancy had independent association with wheezing\/DDA adjusting for exposure in uterus. For each interquartile range (IQR) increase of infancy PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5\u201310<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> exposure, the odds ratios were 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24\u20131.56), 1.51 (95% CI:1.15\u20131.98) and 1.53 (95% CI:1.27\u20131.85) for DDA, respectively. The distributed lag non\u2010linear model showed the sensitive exposure window (SEW) was 5.5\u201311\u2009months after birth. Stratified analysis showed the SEWs were at or shortly after weaning, but only in those with &lt;6\u2009months of exclusive breastfeeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improved ambient PM benefits in decreasing childhood asthma prevalence. We firstly reported the finding of SEW to PM at or closely after weaning on childhood asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T09:28:08Z","timestamp":1689586088000},"page":"1166-1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Improved ambient air quality is associated with decreased prevalence of childhood asthma and infancy shortly after weaning is a sensitive exposure window"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment Fudan University  Shanghai 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