{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:52Z","timestamp":1787013832986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007827","name":"American College of Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EB028971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EB028971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR003015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR003015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM138381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM138381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AI158519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI158519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1AI123337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1AI123337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI151497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI151497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have shown deposition of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and food proteins in the esophageal mucosa of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients. Our aims were to assess whether co\u2010localization of IgG4 and major cow's milk proteins (CMPs) was associated with EoE disease activity and to investigate the proteins enriched in proximity to IgG4 deposits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study included adult subjects with EoE (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913) and non\u2010EoE controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095). Esophageal biopsies were immunofluorescence stained for IgG4 and CMPs. Co\u2010localization in paired samples from active disease and remission was assessed and compared to controls. The proteome surrounding IgG4 deposits was evaluated by the novel technique, AutoSTOMP. IgG4\u2010food protein interactions were confirmed with co\u2010immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IgG4\u2010CMP co\u2010localization was higher in the active EoE group compared to paired remission samples (Bos d 4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02; Bos d 5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002; Bos d 8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002). Co\u2010localization was also significantly higher in the active EoE group compared to non\u2010EoE controls (Bos d 4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0013; Bos d 5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0007; Bos d 8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0013). AutoSTOMP identified eosinophil\u2010derived proteins (PRG 2 and 3, EPX, RNASE3) and calpain\u201014 in IgG4\u2010enriched areas. Co\u2010immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry confirmed IgG4 binding to multiple food allergens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings further contribute to the understanding of the interaction of IgG4 with food antigens as it relates to EoE disease activity. These data strongly suggest the immune complex formation of IgG4 and major cow's milk proteins. These immune complexes may have a potential role in the pathophysiology of EoE by contributing to eosinophil activation and disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T04:06:29Z","timestamp":1690430789000},"page":"3193-3203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immunoglobulin\n                    <scp>G4<\/scp>\n                    in eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune complex formation and correlation with disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Medernach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rung\u2010Chi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bocheng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Noonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine F.","family":"Etter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam S.","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry C.","family":"Borish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barrett H.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1263-329X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A. 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