{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T16:28:02Z","timestamp":1786292882762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment for food allergies. Our aim was to establish the long\u2010term safety and efficacy of a novel red meat (RM) OIT in galactose\u2010alpha\u20101,3\u2010galactose (alpha\u2010gal) allergy in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 20 patients with confirmed RM allergy, five (41.66%) underwent an early OIT, seven (58.33%) underwent a delayed protocol and eight patients who were not desensitized formed the patient control group. 15 and 27\u2009day RM OIT for early\u2010onset and delayed\u2010onset alpha\u2010gal allergy were administered, respectively. Desensitized patients were recommended to continue eating at least 100\u2009g RM every day for 6\u2009months and every other day in the following 6\u2009months. After a year, the consumption was recommended 2\/3 times in a week. Patients were followed up with skin tests with commercial beef and lamb extracts, fresh raw\/cooked beef and lamb and cetuximab and also with serum alpha\u2010gal specific Immunoglobulin\u2010E (sIgE) in the first and fifth years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients who underwent OIT became tolerant to RM. During the 5\u2009year follow\u2010up, the median alpha\u2010gal sIgE concentration gradually decreased in nine patients who consumed RM uneventfully while remained unchanged in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016). In two patients, rare tick bites acted as inducers of hypersensitivity reactions with concomitant elevation of alpha\u2010gal sIgE concentrations whereas one patient with low follow\u2010up alpha\u2010gal sIgE concentrations consumed RM uneventfully after frequent tick bites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed the long\u2010term safety and efficacy of alpha\u2010gal OIT. Additionally, alpha\u2010gal sIgE seems to be a potential biomarker to monitor OIT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T07:07:16Z","timestamp":1691392036000},"page":"3241-3251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Oral immunotherapy in alpha\u2010gal red meat allergy: Could specific <scp>IgE<\/scp> be a potential biomarker in monitoring management?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9741-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Eyice\u2010Karabacak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Park Hospital Ordu  Ordu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3449-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"T\u00fczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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