{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:43:43Z","timestamp":1784324623989,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IgE\u2010mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE\u2010CMA) is one of the first allergies to arise in early childhood and may result from exposure to various milk allergens, of which \u03b2\u2010lactoglobulin (BLG) and casein are the most important. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind IgE\u2010CMA is imperative for the discovery of novel biomarkers and the design of innovative treatment and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report a longitudinal in\u00a0vivo murine model, in which two mice strains (BALB\/c and C57Bl\/6) were sensitized to BLG using either cholera toxin or an oil emulsion (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096 per group). After sensitization, mice were challenged orally, their clinical signs monitored, antibody (IgE and IgG1) and cytokine levels (IL\u20104 and IFN\u2010\u03b3) measured, and fecal samples subjected to metabolomics. The results of the murine models were further extrapolated to fecal microbiome\u2010metabolome data from our population of IgE\u2010CMA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922) and healthy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923) children (Trial: NCT04249973), on which polar metabolomics, lipidomics and 16S rRNA metasequencing were performed. In\u00a0vitro gastrointestinal digestions and multi\u2010omics corroborated the microbial origin of proposed metabolic changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During mice sensitization, we observed multiple microbially derived metabolic alterations, most importantly bile acid, energy and tryptophan metabolites, that preceded allergic inflammation. We confirmed microbial dysbiosis, and its associated effect on metabolic alterations in our patient cohort, through in\u00a0vitro digestions and multi\u2010omics, which was accompanied by metabolic signatures of low\u2010grade inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that gut dysbiosis precedes allergic inflammation and nurtures a chronic low\u2010grade inflammation in children on elimination diets, opening important new opportunities for future prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:29:54Z","timestamp":1704774594000},"page":"949-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Integrated gut metabolome and microbiome fingerprinting reveals that dysbiosis precedes allergic inflammation in IgE\u2010mediated pediatric cow's milk allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ellen","family":"De\u00a0Paepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET) Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Plekhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET) Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Vangeenderhuysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics (LIMET) Ghent University  Merelbeke Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Baeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology AZ Jan Palfijn Ghent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Bullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Immunology Research Group KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Clinical Division of Pediatrics UZ Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition &amp; General Pediatric Medicine AZ Sint\u2010Jan Bruges  Bruges 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