{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1784120514940,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011824","name":"European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Food allergy is a global public health problem that until recent years lacked any aetiological treatment supported by academy, industry and regulators. Food immunotherapy (AIT) is an evolving treatment option, supported by clinical practice and industry trial data. Recent AIT meta\u2010analyses have highlighted the difficulty in pooling safety and efficacy data from AIT trials, due to secondary heterogeneity in the study. An EAACI task force (CO\u2010FAITH) initiated by the Paediatric Section was created to focus on AIT efficacy outcomes for milk, egg and peanut allergy rather than in trial results. A systematic search and a narrative review of AIT controlled clinical trials and large case series was conducted. A total of 63 manuscripts met inclusion criteria, corresponding to 23, 21 and 22 studies of milk, egg and peanut AIT, respectively. The most common AIT efficacy outcome was desensitization, mostly defined as tolerating a maintenance phase dose, or reaching a particular dose upon successful exit oral food challenge (OFC). However, a large degree of heterogeneity was identified regarding the dose quantity defining this outcome. Sustained unresponsiveness and patient\u2010reported outcomes (e.g. quality of life) were explored less frequently, and to date have been most rigorously described for peanut AIT versus other allergens. Change in allergen threshold assessed by OFC remains the most common efficacy measure, but OFC methods suffer from heterogeneity and methodological disparity. This review has identified multiple heterogeneous outcomes related to measuring the efficacy of AIT. Efforts to better standardize and harmonize which outcomes, and how to measure them must be carried out to help in the clinical development of safe and efficacious food allergy treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T06:36:55Z","timestamp":1706078215000},"page":"793-822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Evaluation of clinical outcomes of efficacy in food allergen immunotherapy trials, <scp>COFAITH EAACI<\/scp> task force"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0del\u00a0R\u00edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"FibHNJ, ARADyAL\u2010RETICs RD16 \/0006\/0026 Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"IIS La Princesa  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"\u00c1lvaro\u2010Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Arasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Bazire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"FibHNJ, ARADyAL\u2010RETICs RD16 \/0006\/0026 Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"IIS La Princesa  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"FibHNJ, ARADyAL\u2010RETICs RD16 \/0006\/0026 Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"IIS La Princesa  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4997-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nandinee","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart &amp; 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