{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T20:09:21Z","timestamp":1782590961296,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence is available about the presence of increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLCs) in both atopic and non\u2010atopic inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma, providing a possible new biomarker of disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed clinical and laboratory data, including FLCs, obtained from a cohort of 79 asthmatic subjects, clinically classified into different GINA steps. A control group of 40 age\u2010matched healthy donors (HD) was considered. Particularly, HD have been selected according to the absence of monoclonal components (in order to exclude paraproteinemias), were tested for total IgE (that were in the normal ranges) and were negative for aeroallergens specific IgE. Moreover, no abnormality of common inflammatory markers (i.e., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C\u2010reactive protein) was detectable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FLC\u2010k levels were significantly increased in the asthmatic population, compared to the control group. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in FLC\u2010\u03bb levels, the FLC\u2010k\/FLC\u2010\u03bb ratio displayed remarkable differences between the two groups. A positive correlation between FLC\u2010\u03ba and FLC\u2010\u03bb levels was found. FLC\u2010 \u03bb level displayed a significant negative correlation with the FEV1 value. Moreover, the FLC\u2010\u03ba \/FLC\u2010 \u03bb ratio was negatively correlated with the SNOT\u201022 score and a positive correlation was observed between FLCs and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus Aureus<\/jats:italic> IgE enterotoxins sensitization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirmed the role of FLCs in asthma as a potential biomarker in an inflammatory disease characterized by different endotypes and phenotypes. In particular, FLC\u2010\u03ba and FLC\u2010k\/FLC\u2010\u03bb ratio could be a qualitative indicator for asthma, while FLC\u2010\u03bb levels could be a quantitative indicator for clinical severity parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T01:49:55Z","timestamp":1709257795000},"page":"2414-2422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunoglobulin free light chains in severe asthma patient: Could they be a new biomarker?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7631-029X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD DH Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \"A. 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