{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:06:20Z","timestamp":1778803580140,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hen's egg exposure through impaired skin barrier is considered a major mechanism of sensitization to eggs. However, the impact of filaggrin (<jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic>) gene loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations on the natural history of egg sensitization lacks consensus among studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between the natural course of egg sensitization and <jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic> mutations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used Japanese and the UK birth cohorts (CHIBA and MAAS) to identify the longitudinal patterns of egg sensitization until mid\u2010school age and examined the relationship between the identified patterns and <jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic> mutations. Sensitization was assessed using egg white\u2010specific IgE levels or skin prick tests (SPTs). Egg allergy was confirmed by parental reports and sensitization. Latent class growth analysis identified longitudinal patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three similar patterns of egg sensitization (persistent, early\u2010onset remitting, and no\/low grade classes) were identified in both cohorts, with differing prevalence estimates. The proportion of children with egg allergy in the persistent class at 7 or 8\u2009years of age was 23% (CHIBA) and 20% (MAAS). Consistently in both cohorts, <jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic> mutations were significantly associated only with the persistent class. Children with <jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic> mutations had an approximately four\u2010fold increased risk of being in the persistent sensitization class (RRRs: 4.3, 95%C.I. (1.2\u201316.0), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03 in CHIBA; 4.3 (1.3\u201314.7), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02 in MAAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>FLG<\/jats:italic> loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations are associated with persistent egg sensitization in both Japanese and European ethnicities, and the mutations might be a potential biomarker for identifying the risk of persistent egg sensitization\/allergy in early infancy. Future studies should incorporate oral food challenges to confirm this relationship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T07:27:35Z","timestamp":1722497255000},"page":"193-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trajectories of egg sensitization in childhood: Two birth cohorts in Asia and Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshinori","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Showa University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7499-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiji","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Graduate 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