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While inhaled glucocorticoids have not consistently been shown to affect airway remodeling, biologics targeting specific pathways of airway inflammation have been shown to improve lung function, mucus plugging, and airway structural changes that can exceed those seen with glucocorticoids. This superiority of biologic treatment, which cannot be solely explained by insufficient doses or limited durations of glucocorticoid therapies, needs to be further explored. For this field of research, we propose a novel classification of the potential effects of biologics on airway remodeling into three temporal effects:\n                    <jats:italic>early effects<\/jats:italic>\n                    (days to weeks, primarily modulating inflammatory processes),\n                    <jats:italic>late effects<\/jats:italic>\n                    (months to years, predominantly affecting structural changes), and potential\n                    <jats:italic>preventive effects<\/jats:italic>\n                    (outcomes of early treatment with biologics). For the identification of potential\n                    <jats:italic>preventive effects<\/jats:italic>\n                    of biologics, we call for studies exploring the impact of early biological treatment on airway remodeling in patients with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe asthma, which should be accompanied by a long\u2010term evaluation of clinical parameters, biomarkers, treatment burden, and socioeconomic implications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T04:29:36Z","timestamp":1731126576000},"page":"408-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Biologics and airway remodeling in asthma: early, late, and potential preventive effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Varricchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"},{"name":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) National Research Council  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4723-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Poto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"},{"name":"World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Lommatzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Brusselle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Braido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Department IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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