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CRS is divided into two distinct phenotypes, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). The aim of the review is to provide an update on the current knowledge in CRS endotypes. The prevailing hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of CRS suggests that dysfunctional interactions between the host and environmental stressors at the mucosal surface drive the diverse inflammatory mechanisms. Genetic and epigenetic variations in the mucosal immune system are believed to play a significant role in the pathomechanisms of CRS. Various environmental agents (such as microbes and irritants) have been implicated in CRS. In a healthy state, the sinonasal mucosa acts as a barrier, modulating environmental stimulation and mounting appropriate immune responses against pathogens with minimal tissue damage. Different endotypes may exist based on the specific mechanistic pathways driving the chronic tissue inflammation of CRS. There is a need to understand endotypes in order to better predict, diagnose, and treat CRS. This literature review provides an update on the role of the endotypes in CRS and the limitations of endotyping CRS in clinical practice. Understanding of the pathogenesis and optimal management of CRS has progressed significantly in the last decades; however, there still are several unmet needs in endotype research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T09:24:33Z","timestamp":1733477073000},"page":"132-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Endotyping in Chronic Rhinosinusitis\u2014An\n                    <scp>EAACI<\/scp>\n                    Task Force Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Toppila\u2010Salmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Wellbeing Services County of Pohjois\u2010Savo  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Inflammation Center, Department of Allergology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sietze","family":"Reitsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\/Head\u2010Neck Surgery Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Hox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Cliniques Universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Gane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Ear, Nose and Throat and Eastman Dental Hospital University College London Hospitals NHS Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibon","family":"Eguiluz\u2010Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga. IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shamji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Maza\u2010Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Department of Otolaryngology University Hospital Virgen Macarena  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M.","family":"Escribese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio D\u00edez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina Universidad San Pablo\u2010CEU, CEU Universities  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Chaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Center for Allergy and Environment Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen  M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aspasia","family":"Karavelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology General Hospital of Nafplio  Nafplio Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rudenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Allergy and Immunology Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1629-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gevaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens W. 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