{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T03:29:05Z","timestamp":1792985345575,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipids play an essential role in epithelial barrier integrity. Despite increasing evidence of epithelial barrier dysfunction in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), the lipid composition of the esophageal epithelium is not characterized and any disruptions in EoE are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Esophageal brushings and biopsies were collected from patients (ages 1\u201319\u2009years) who underwent clinically indicated esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Participants were classified based on the number of eosinophils per high\u2010power field (eos\/HPF) in esophageal biopsies into: an EoE group (&gt;\u200915 eos\/HPF) and a control group (0\u20131 eos\/HPF). Brushing samples were analyzed by targeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography tandem\u2010mass spectrometry. The expression of inflammatory mediators and lipid biosynthesis enzymes was quantified by RT\u2010PCR in esophageal biopsies and in a primary human esophageal epithelial cell line treated with IL\u20104\/IL\u201013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EoE group had a significant increase in non\u2010hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramides (NS\u2010CER) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and a decrease in non\u2010hydroxy fatty acid phytoceramides (NP\u2010CER) with 18\u2010carbon sphingoid bases, resulting in selectively increased NS\u2010CER\/NP\u2010CER ratios as compared to controls in esophageal brushes (Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 vs. 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). EoE biopsies had significantly decreased expression of DEGS1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and DEGS2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) mRNA, enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of NS\u2010CER and NP\u2010CER. A significant inverse correlation between NS\u2010CER\/NP\u2010CER and DEGS2\/DEGS1 mRNA ratios (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) was observed. Conversely, a positive correlation between the NS\u2010CER\/NP\u2010CER ratio and CCL26, IL\u20105, and IL\u201013 mRNA expression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) was noted. IL\u20104\/IL\u201013 significantly dysregulated the expression of DEGS1 and DEGS2 mRNA in a primary esophageal epithelial cell line.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distinctive abnormalities in esophageal epithelium sphingolipid composition and production were revealed in EoE. Mechanistic ex\u00a0vivo data demonstrate dysregulation of lipid biosynthesis enzymes by IL\u20104\/IL\u201013. The characteristic lipid profile in EoE has significant implications for epithelial barrier dysfunction and may serve as a biomarker of disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:14:38Z","timestamp":1752747278000},"page":"2849-2860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lipidomic Analysis of Esophageal Epithelia Reveals a Distinctive Sphingolipid Profile in Eosinophilic Esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Melinda","family":"Braskett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4685-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Goleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Bronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Sofia","family":"Bronoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lyubchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0741-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautam","family":"Nagendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Loma Linda University  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Shillingford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Cynamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifton F.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Durazo\u2010Arvizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peck Y.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine at USC  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Berdyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine National Jewish Health  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0177-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald Y. 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