{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:27:16Z","timestamp":1773808036202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cereal allergy comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of sensitization patterns directed toward water\u2010soluble and gluten\u2010derived proteins. The role of molecular cross\u2010reactivity with homologous allergens from other cereals remains only partially understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate IgE reactivity to major wheat allergens (Tri a 14, Tri a 19, Tri a 30) and their homologs across cereals and pseudocereals, integrating bioinformatic, epidemiological, and clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sequence homology was assessed using BLAST analysis across cereal and pseudocereal proteomes. IgE reactivity was evaluated in 17,510 patients using two multiplex platforms (ImmunoCAP ISAC and ALEX2). Clinical data were available for 7201 individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tri a 14 displayed high sequence identity with multiple cereal nsLTPs, including a hitherto undefined maize\u2010derived protein (72%), suggesting broad cross\u2010reactivity, whereas Zea m 14 showed higher identity with Pru p 3 than with Tri a 14. Homologs of Tri a 30 and Tri a 19 were found in spelt and durum wheat. Sensitization to wheat allergens was rare (3.9%); Tri a 14 was the most frequent (64%), followed by Tri a 30 (23%) and Tri a 19 (18%). The limited cases of Tri a 14 or Tri a 19 were specifically associated with severe reactions and WDEIA. Limited co\u2010sensitization indicated distinct IgE pathways to soluble and gluten\u2010related proteins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IgE profiling revealed distinct cross\u2010reactivity patterns across cereals. Tri a 14 frequently co\u2010sensitized with nsLTPs from both gluten\u2010containing and gluten\u2010free cereals, while Tri a 19 was exclusive to gluten\u2010containing species. These findings support the need to expand molecular diagnostic panels to enhance clinical accuracy and guide dietary recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T12:19:18Z","timestamp":1758111558000},"page":"848-860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Dual Face of Wheat and Cereal Reactivity: Molecular Divergence Between Soluble and Gluten\u2010Derived Allergens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9391-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Scala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Villella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"Abeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma Cristina","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Locanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Meneguzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Pirrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Quaratino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zaffiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Caprini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti IDI\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Barrale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C of Clinical Pathology Buccheri La Ferla Hospital Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignazio","family":"Brusca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C of Clinical Pathology Buccheri La Ferla Hospital Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Pravettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit San Giovanni di Dio Hospital  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Villalta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. di Immunologia e Allergologia di Laboratorio, PO S. 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