{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:49:10Z","timestamp":1790646550216,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007305","name":"Maternal and Child Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007305","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010life microbial exposure to microbes may play a role in asthma development. This study tests the hypothesis that mothers born in low\u2010income countries might have been exposed to diverse microbes\u2014leading to greater diversity and higher levels of transplacental anti\u2010microbial antibodies, thereby\u00a0conferring protection against asthma in offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the prospective Boston Birth Cohort, IgG antibody reactome against microbes (2740 species; 1311 genera) was profiled in cord blood, using Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing. Multinomial regression models were applied to examine the associations of cord blood IgG reactome with child risk of physician\u2010diagnosed atopy and asthma. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the inter\u2010relationships among maternal nativity, IgG reactome and risk of developing childhood asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This report included 943 mother\u2013child dyads enrolled at birth and followed prospectively. Compared to children of US\u2010born mothers, children of foreign\u2010born mothers had a lower prevalence of asthma (17.5% vs. 30.5%) and greater diversity of cord blood IgG antibodies against hundreds of microbes (FDR &lt;\u20090.05). Cord blood seropositivity to peptides or proteins from 6 microbes was inversely associated with the risk of asthma in children, and children with more seropositivity to these microbes were at a lower risk of developing asthma (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). IgG seropositivity to\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        ,\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H. pylori<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      each mediated 17%\u201362% of the association between maternal nativity and child risk of asthma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this US prospective birth cohort, maternal transplacental IgG reactivity to four microbes (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S. flexneri<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        and\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T. parva<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was associated with a lower risk of childhood asthma, and partly explains the lower risk of asthma in children of mothers born outside the US.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T11:18:42Z","timestamp":1764242322000},"page":"197-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transplacental Antimicrobial Antibodies and Childhood Asthma: Maternal Nativity as an Upstream Factor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiumei","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari C.","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2259-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Frischmeyer\u2010Guerrerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Allergic Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"August F.","family":"Jernbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Morgenlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia W.","family":"Angkeow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Thakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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