{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:18:05Z","timestamp":1789647485564,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020867","name":"Fondation de l'H\u00f4pital de Montr\u00e9al pour enfants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014131","name":"McGill University Health Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011302","name":"Children's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Major peanut allergens are stable and resistant to denaturation under standard cooking conditions, contributing to allergenicity and low rates of developing natural tolerance in allergic individuals. We evaluated the effects of heat and pressure autoclaving on peanut proteins, IgE binding, and oral tolerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Raw, roasted, and autoclaved peanut protein extracts were evaluated by Bradford assay, ELISA, and mass spectrometry\u2010proteomics to compare relative amounts of protein, specific IgE binding, and allergen fragmentation. To assess changes in clinical reactivity, we performed skin prick testing (SPT) in 41 subjects using standard and autoclaved peanut extracts. We also performed double\u2010blind oral food challenges (OFC) in 10 peanut\u2010allergic subjects with standard and autoclaved peanuts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Autoclaving at 130\u00b0C, 2.4\u2009atm, for 30\u2009min significantly degraded allergens Ara h 1 and 2, and completely degraded Ara h 8. Mass spectrometry\u2010proteomics analysis of size\u2010filtered extracts (&lt;\u200910\u2009kDa) showed greater numbers and diversity of peptides from peanut proteins and allergens in autoclaved extracts. Autoclaving fragmented proteins into shorter peptides, against which sera from highly allergic patients exhibited a 74% reduction in IgE binding compared to raw peanuts. SPT demonstrated significant decreases in wheal diameters using autoclaved peanut extract (median [IQR]\u2009=\u20095\u2009mm [2, 9]) compared to commercial extract (10\u2009mm [6, 15];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). All OFC subjects tolerated the maximum cumulative autoclaved peanut dose (444\u2009mg) versus standard peanut (median: 9\u2009mg, range: [1, 44]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoclaving peanuts induces important chemical changes including fragmentation, leading to decreased peanut allergenicity and consequently increased tolerability. This has the potential for novel immunotherapeutic approaches with more favorable side effect profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T10:33:37Z","timestamp":1767695617000},"page":"2133-2144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Autoclaved Peanuts Exhibit Reduced Immunoglobulin E Binding and Improved Oral Tolerability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casey G.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI\u2010MUHC)  Montreal 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McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI\u2010MUHC)  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danbing","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Lejtenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Centre  Montreal 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University Health Centre (RI\u2010MUHC)  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"McCusker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI\u2010MUHC)  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Eiwegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten  St. P\u00f6lten Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner 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