{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:31:41Z","timestamp":1786559501434,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":305,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011824","name":"European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sense of smell, with its extensive evolutionary history, is highly prone to disorders that can have a profound impact on daily life. Anosmia affects approximately 5% of the population, with an additional 15% exhibiting reduced olfactory function. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) varies by population and age group, and standardized testing reveals a broad range of impacts. OD includes various causes, most commonly aging, inflammation of the olfactory epithelium, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), traumatic brain injury, and neurological conditions. The recent COVID\u201019 pandemic has highlighted the association between viral infections and olfactory dysfunction, with severe hyposmia\/anosmia being an early marker of infection. Despite its importance, the assessment of olfactory function remains inconsistent across clinical practices. Psychophysical smell tests, while vital for diagnosis and patient management, are underutilized, especially outside of specialized centers. Standardized testing methods are crucial for objective diagnosis, but significant challenges, including test variability, lack of comparability, and healthcare reimbursement issues, persist. The European Academy of Allergy and Immunology (EAACI) advocates for improvements in the quality and standardization of chemosensory assessments. Future efforts must prioritize education, incentives for better testing, and the integration of digital tools to expand access to olfactory testing and diagnosis in remote or quarantine situations. However, office\u2010based testing remains irreplaceable, even with advancements in telemedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:32:13Z","timestamp":1770028333000},"page":"2633-2655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways\u2014An\n                    <scp>EAACI<\/scp>\n                    Position Paper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3463-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Mullol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS, CIBERES University of Barcelona  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"del Giacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Georgalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Nicosia  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Rondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)\u2010BIONAND Platform RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Schiappoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit and Asthma Center Integrated University Hospital of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1629-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gevaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9847-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banu","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5117-4073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Chaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1734-2632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sietze","family":"Reitsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2010HNS University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5325-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"van Gerven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Maza\u2010Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Virgen Macarena University Hospital  Sevilla Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Sevilla  Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8812-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"B\u00e4rhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aspasia","family":"Karavelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department General Hopsital of Nafplio  Nafplio Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1117-2210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2243-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Gr\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Grosshadern Medical Center of the University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6962-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Grosshadern Medical Center of the University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Arasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Pediatric Specialties Area, Division of Allergy Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Rojas\u2010Lechuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy IDIBAPS  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Izquierdo\u2010Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Alergo\u2010Rino Centro Medico Teknon  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Allergy Clinica Diagonal  Barcelona Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Agache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University of Brasov  Brasov Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radek","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gabinet Alergologiczny Cieszyn  Cieszyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-6685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Sokolowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2101-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulfem","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice of Allergy and Immunology  Ankara Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Chest Diseases Ankara University School of Medicine  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Escribese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Diez (IMMA) Universidad San Pablo\u2010CEU, CEU Universities  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Walusiak\u2010Skorupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine  Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3188-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Betz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry Complutense University  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2010Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto and Laboratorio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional Em Saude Populacional (ITR)  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Immunoallergology Service Centro Hospitalar Universitario S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5703-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bonadonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit University Hospital of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3425-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shamji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Torres Jaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)\u2010BIONAND Platform RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezmi A.","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hagemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2390-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Hox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Cliniques Universitaires Saint\u2010Luc  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-6686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Toppila\u2010Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Wellbeing Services County of Pohjois\u2010Savo  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Allergology, Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin22.483"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Predictive Factors of Involuntary Weight Loss in Patients With Smell and Taste Disorders","volume":"62","author":"Daskalou D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23390"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"526","article-title":"COVID\u201019 Olfactory Dysfunction: Associations Between Coping, Quality of Life, and Mental Health","volume":"62","author":"Jacobson P. T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420946254"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200410000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0807-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530211"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Updated Sniffin' Sticks Normative Data Based on an Extended Sample of 9139 Subjects","volume":"276","author":"Oleszkiewicz A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200404000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.18.2307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjr102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6505700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809324-5.23885-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Odor Detectability in Successfully Aged Elderly and Young Adults. Reports From the Department of Psychology, Stockholm University","author":"Almkvist O.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0614-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-003-0877-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Epidemiological Aspects of Olfactory Dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Ciofalo A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00015-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Olfactory Related Questionnaires and Scales","volume":"59","author":"Han P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14467"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjg061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00961-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510043954"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prevalence of Parosmia: The Skovde Population\u2010Based Studies","volume":"45","author":"Nordin S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjab046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199606000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0157-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70025-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.27"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"2331","article-title":"Parosmia as a Predictor of a Better Olfactory Function in COVID\u201019: A Multicentric Longitudinal Study for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections","volume":"280","author":"Menzel S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000516316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-018-0776-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4366-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02657-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.835151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16338"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07462-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00457-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816664879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065897781446621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70218-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.656764"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924241253642"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198402000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018788"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000249922.37381.1e"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Association Between Olfactory Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Olfactory Disorders: A Multicenter Study in Over 760 Participants","volume":"59","author":"Zou L. Q.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"An Epidemiological Study of Postviral Olfactory Disorder","volume":"538","author":"Sugiura M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Oto\u2010Laryngologica. Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.05.20048421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-022-00216-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01853-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.11006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-07923-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-024-01470-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08072-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13636","article-title":"Management of New Onset Loss of Sense of Smell During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic \u2010 BRS Consensus Guidelines","volume":"46","author":"Hopkins C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology: Official Journal of ENT\u2010UK Official Journal of Netherlands Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology & Cervico\u2010Facial Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.3603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103607"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc5801"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjad011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420957853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02314-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02245-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","first-page":"4221","article-title":"Neuropilin\u20101 as a New Potential SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infection Mediator Implicated in the Neurologic Features and Central Nervous System Involvement of COVID\u201019","volume":"22","author":"Davies J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00182-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add0484"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18601871114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","first-page":"435","volume-title":"Mahwah","author":"Gescheider G. A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Olfactory Event\u2010Related Potentials, in Methods and New Frontiers in Neuroscience","author":"Hummel T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.11.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093752"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1364034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-005-0452-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199603000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815588913"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26637"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Development of the ETOC: A European Test of Olfactory Capabilities","volume":"41","author":"Thomas\u2010Danguin T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3536-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-005-0055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2007.21.3043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X14547499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000183194.17484.bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5516-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240602000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900060033005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04224-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06131-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1854852"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/20.6.645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003683070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjm058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-58552-4_43"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418760055"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_160_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"A Threshold\u2010Like Measure for the Assessment of Olfactory Sensitivity: The \u2018Random\u2019 Procedure","volume":"258","author":"Kobal G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjg075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061278"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711415114"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198801000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/13.4.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p7113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjp057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.135.2.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.05.012"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_176_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Changes of Pressure and Humidity Affect Olfactory Function","volume":"265","author":"Kuehn M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234915.51189.cb"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_178_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Barcelona Smell Test\u201024 (BAST\u201024): Validation and Smell Characteristics in the Healthy Spanish Population","volume":"44","author":"Cardes\u00edn A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_179_1","volume-title":"Handbuch der Physiologie der niederen Sinne","author":"Skramlik E.","year":"1926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_180_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Smell and Taste","author":"Hummel T.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215105003889"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898780182390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1593-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08887-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin08.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101086"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_193_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"\u2018U\u2010Sniff\u2019\u2014The International Odor Identification Test for Children: An Extension of Its Normative Database and Study of Global Reliability","volume":"58","author":"Zou L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_195_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Olfactory Testing in Children Using Objective Tools: Comparison of Sniffin' Sticks and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT)","volume":"44","author":"Hugh S. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head & Neck Surgery = Le Journal D'oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico\u2010Faciale"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(99)00108-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjr001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91333-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.04.030"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_201_1","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Sniffin Sticks Test Performance in Parkinson's Disease Patients in Different Countries","volume":"279","author":"Trentin S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_202_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Mutual Action of Taste and Olfaction","volume":"1","author":"Murphy C.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Sensory Processes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870170065015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0301006616685576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjt072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/24.6.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.11.977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2024.110135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02103219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-12978"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_215_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Clinical Validation of a New Olfactory Test","volume":"255","author":"Kremer B.","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.4.414"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_217_1","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Retronasal Testing of Olfactory Function: An Investigation and Comparison in Seven Countries","volume":"271","author":"Croy I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_218_1","first-page":"E324","article-title":"A New Method for Assessment of Retronasal Olfactory Function","volume":"131","author":"Yoshino A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13389"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_222_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Retronasal Olfactory Testing Using Candies Sent by Post and for Screening Purposes: A Feasibility Study","volume":"58","author":"Besser G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-018-9254-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.5.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3950\/jibiinkoka.76.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0244-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/27.7.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20955"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_232_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Management of Smell and Taste Disorders a Practical Guide for Clinicians","author":"Hummel T.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74967-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_234_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Assessment of Postviral Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction Using the Short SSParoT in Patients With and Without Parosmia","volume":"280","author":"Sekine R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_235_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Clinical Presentation of Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction","volume":"261","author":"Frasnelli J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_237_1","first-page":"871","article-title":"OLAF: Standardization of International Olfactory Tests","volume":"269","author":"Hummel C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_238_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Management of Smell and Taste Disorders a Practical Guide for Clinicians","author":"Welge\u2010Luessen A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100128014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_240_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"A Study of Olfactory Testing in Patients With Rhinological Pathology in the ENT Clinic","volume":"46","author":"Philpott C. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-4913-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/23.4.453"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_244_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Comparison of Lateralized and Binasal Olfactory Thresholds","volume":"40","author":"Frasnelli J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199801000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00760.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_247_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Faster Olfactory Adaptation in Patients With Olfactory Deficits: An Analysis of Results From Odor Threshold Testing","volume":"58","author":"Chen B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjw079"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_249_1","first-page":"1937","article-title":"Changes of Olfactory Abilities in Relation to Age: Odor Identification in More Than 1400 People Aged 4 to 80\u2009Years","volume":"272","author":"Sorokowska A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Societies (EUFOS): Affiliated With the German Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.3.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0987"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06266-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-021-00175-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-021-00167-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15740"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26606"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15371"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_2_12_265_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens W. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31881-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.07.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_270_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"EPOS\/EUFOREA Update on Indication and Evaluation of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps 2023","volume":"61","author":"Fokkens W. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_271_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Evaluating Treatment Response to Mepolizumab in Patients With Severe CRSwNP","volume":"61","author":"Hopkins C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-024-01433-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15796"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15772"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32289"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14302"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_277_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Adherence to Olfactory Training Improves Orthonasal and Retronasal Olfaction in Post\u2010COVID\u201019 Olfactory Loss","volume":"62","author":"Boscolo\u2010Rizzo P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_278_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23604"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_279_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Developing a Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials in Olfactory Disorders: A COMET Initiative","volume":"61","author":"Philpott C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.2.218"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_282_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Olfactory Testing in Clinical Settings \u2010 Is There Additional Benefit From Unilateral Testing?","volume":"48","author":"Welge\u2010L\u00fcssen A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_283_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5445-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_284_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_285_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(88)90093-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_286_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(80)90101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_287_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00112-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_288_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_289_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517745724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_290_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12343"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_291_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05367-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_292_1","article-title":"The Use of Olfactory Testing When Diagnosing Parkinson's Disease\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"65","author":"Nielsen T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Danish Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_293_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_294_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-019-09274-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_295_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Assessment of Olfactory Function After Septoplasty: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"42","author":"Pfaar O.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_296_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2019.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_297_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_298_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_299_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_300_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_301_1","volume-title":"Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Association for Chemoreception Sciences","author":"Hirsch A. R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_302_1","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics","author":"Green D. M.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_303_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_304_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_305_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino15.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_306_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-13-8"}],"container-title":["Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.70219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/all.70219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/all.70219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:05:52Z","timestamp":1786557952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/all.70219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":305,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/all.70219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.70219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-4538","type":"print"},{"value":"1398-9995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}