{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:04:01Z","timestamp":1773025441855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018780","name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is the gold standard to diagnose allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR), but its clinical use remains limited. We investigated whether volatile organic compounds (VOC) in exhaled breath could identify allergic individuals among patients with chronic rhinitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exhaled breath samples were collected before and 24\u2009h after NAC in participants with AR, LAR, non\u2010allergic rhinitis (NAR), and healthy control (HC). Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, focusing on saturated hydrocarbons. Associations with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 28 AR, 31 LAR, 29 NAR, and 14 HC individuals, divided into training and validation sets. A predictive model based on two VOCs (decane and nonadecane) discriminated allergic (AR\u2009+\u2009LAR) from non\u2010allergic (NAR\u2009+\u2009HC) subjects (AUC 0.721, 95% CI: 0.506\u20130.936; permutation test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), with moderate performance in the validation set (AUC 0.760, 95% CI: 0.585\u20130.935; 76.5% sensitivity, 69.2% specificity). Similarly, these two VOCs moderately differentiated LAR and NAR patients (AUC 0.737, 95% CI: 0.545\u20130.929; permutation test\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011). At baseline, decane levels were higher in LAR than HC subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), nonadecane levels were higher in LAR than NAR individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), and decane, styrene, and nonanal levels were higher in patients with FeNO \u2265\u200925\u2009ppb (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.016). No associations were observed between VOCs and blood eosinophils. NAC induced a significant reduction in nonadecane in allergic patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), but not in non\u2010allergic subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exhaled decane and nonadecane might serve as non\u2010invasive biomarkers of allergic inflammation in rhinitis patients, potentially supporting NAC indication. Elevated exhaled nonanal, decane, and styrene may reflect T2 airway inflammation. These exploratory findings require validation in larger, multicenter cohorts with accuracy\u2010improving potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:43:28Z","timestamp":1773024208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds Identify Allergic Patients Among Individuals With Chronic Rhinitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Rosa Alba","family":"Sola\u2010Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla\u2013IMIB  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zubiaga\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario De Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Figuerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario De Malaga  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anyith","family":"Cruz\u2010Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6224-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario De Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology University of Malaga  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3774-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibon","family":"Eguiluz\u2010Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario De Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Rondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario De Malaga  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Group, IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. 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