{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:08:57Z","timestamp":1789186137229,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcriptomic analysis of bronchial brushes reveals asthma\u2010associated gene signatures but is limited by the invasiveness of bronchoscopy. Based on the \u201cunited airways\u201d hypothesis, we evaluated whether and to what extent nasal brushes reflect asthma\u2010associated transcriptomic changes in the lower airways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the ARMS study, we included 26 asthma patients and 28 healthy controls, all fully clinically characterized. Nasal and bronchial brushes were collected for RNA sequencing. We used edgeR and WGCNA to identify asthma\u2010associated genes and modules in bronchial brushes. We assessed their expression patterns in ARMS nasal brushes and validated the findings in the independent ATLANTIS study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009427).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 51 asthma\u2010associated genes in the lower airways, of which 40 were up\u2010regulated and 11 were down\u2010regulated in asthma compared to healthy controls. Seven of the 40 up\u2010regulated genes were also up\u2010regulated in ARMS nasal brushes and validated in ATLANTIS: CLCA1, FETUB, CST1, NTRK2, CDH26, TPSAB1, and DHX35. WGCNA revealed two modules that were consistently elevated in asthma across bronchial and nasal brushes in ARMS and confirmed in ATLANTIS. One module represents IL\u201013 related inflammation, whereas the other represents mast cell activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The asthma\u2010associated gene signatures of the lower and upper airways show a limited but biologically coherent overlap, with seven genes and two gene modules consistently elevated in asthma. The shared gene signatures reflect two separate components of type 2 inflammation: IL\u201013 related inflammation and mast cell activity. Selected nasal gene signatures offer a non\u2010invasive tool to identify asthma endotypes with distinct molecular mechanisms driving underlying disease biology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:51:56Z","timestamp":1773143516000},"page":"3197-3205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasal Airway Transcriptome Reflects Selected Asthma\u2010Associated Gene Signatures in the Lower Airways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0370-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Kole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orestes A.","family":"Carpaij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6435-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Karp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Guryev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alen","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology University of Technology Sydney  Ultimo New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London  London 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