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It is well\u2010known that systemic use is linked to multiple adverse effects (AEs) both in the short\u2010 and the long\u2010term. However, less is known about the safety of multiple short courses of sGCS. Currently there is no established agreement on the acceptable cumulative exposure to sGCS, considering the potential for various AEs. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis evaluated sGCS\u2010related AEs in both upper and lower inflammatory airway disease, with a particular focus on short\u2010 and long\u2010term risks. We further evaluated whether a dose\u2013response relationship existed between the daily and cumulative dosages of sGCS and the occurrence of those AEs. Our meta\u2010analysis confirmed that cumulative dosages between 500\u2009mg and 1\u2009g prednisolone\u2010equivalent significantly increase the risk of most AEs, with risks increasing with incremental dose. These findings underscore the importance of: (a) judicious sGCS prescription and need for steroid stewardship, due to their potential for short\u2010 and long\u2010term complications, occurring even with repeated short courses, and (b) prioritization of steroid\u2010sparing approaches (e.g., biologicals) to avoid reaching a cumulative dose of 500\u2009mg.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T10:35:58Z","timestamp":1776767758000},"page":"3071-3106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Meta\u2010Analysis on the Harm of Systemic Glucocorticosteroids in Inflammatory Upper Airway Disease and Asthma: An EAACI Task 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