{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1791912200497,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011824","name":"European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past several decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of both immunological and pharmacological mechanisms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Immune\u2010mediated drug reactions (IMDRs) represent a small proportion of ADRs and are caused by a pathological activation of the immune system or inflammatory pathways. Drugs can act as an antigen or may directly interact with the immune system or inflammatory pathways, making immune\u2010mediated drug reactions observed in contemporary practice not sufficiently explained by the Gell and Coombs (G&amp;C) framework. Moreover, the phenotype alone is neither pathognomonic nor sufficient to infer the endotype. The proposed nomenclature integrates chrono\u2010morphological phenotypes, mechanistic endotypes and characteristics of the involved drug. In this nomenclature, IMDRs are classified, according to the nature of interaction with the immune system, in: (i) drug allergy that encompasses antigen\u2010driven reactions\u2014diagnosed by tests detecting sensitisation\u2014and (ii) drug hypersensitivity that includes the heterogeneous broad group of drug\u2010directly\u2010driven reactions. This framework supports precision medicine, aligns terminology with mechanisms, and provides a common language for interdisciplinary communication, pharmacovigilance, and drug development. It accommodates emerging therapeutic classes and remains adaptable to future discoveries in immunopathogenesis and biomarker development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:12:07Z","timestamp":1786961527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nomenclature on Immune\u2010Mediated Drug Reactions: An\n                    <scp>EAACI<\/scp>\n                    Position Paper"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Allergy Translational Hub (PATH), IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-8077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristobalina","family":"Mayorga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Allergy Translational Hub (PATH), IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7623-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Safety and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Ariza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Allergy Translational Hub (PATH), IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND  M\u00e1laga Spain"},{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga  M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8889-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Barbaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Dermatologie et Allergologie, H\u00f4pital Tenon, AP\u2010HP.Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, INSERM Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5703-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Bonadonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit University Hospital of Verona, Policlinico G.B. 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