{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:04:51Z","timestamp":1790215491146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Allergic diseases are among the most prevalent chronic conditions in Europe, yet undergraduate medical curricula lack structured Allergy and Clinical Immunology (ACI) teaching. Moreover, desite advances in specialist education, postgraduate university training varies due to differences in specialty recognition, regulatory frameworks, and the implementation of the European Training Requirements. These disparities contribute to inconsistent physician competencies, limited academic visibility of the specialty, and unequal access to high\u2010quality allergy care. This Position Paper, developed within the framework of the Declaration of Salamanca, analyses the current educational landscape, identifies the main barriers to integrating ACI into medical education, and proposes a strategic roadmap for future development. Evidence from an EAACI\u2010led European survey, published studies, and expert consensus demonstrates substantial variability in undergraduate curricula, limited academic representation of allergists, fragmented integration of basic immunology and clinical allergy, and challenges in educational innovation, including digital learning and artificial intelligence. The Declaration of Salamanca advocates a coordinated European strategy focused on strengthening undergraduate curricula, increasing ACI's academic presence, promoting closer integration between basic immunology and clinical practice, fostering educational innovation, and enhancing collaboration among universities, scientific societies, accreditation bodies, policymakers, and patient organizations. While responsibility for university curricula and specialty recognition remains with national authorities, the EAACI and National Allergy and Immunology Societies, in partnership with patient organizations, can provide scientific leadership, develop educational standards, and advocate for harmonised approaches. The Declaration of Salamanca offers a practical framework to improve the quality, consistency, and sustainability of ACI education across Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:23:31Z","timestamp":1790213011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>EAACI<\/scp>\n                    Declaration of Salamanca: A European Roadmap for Strengthening Undergraduate Medical Education in Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga. IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology University of Malaga  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3425-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Shamji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Wright Fleming Institute Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-0568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Arasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergology Unit Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital (IRCCS)  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8812-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friederike","family":"Baerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8495-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"RICORS Red De Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI)\u2010RD24\/0007\/0030 y RD21\/0002\/0028  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslaw","family":"Gawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia  Katowice Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vazquez\u2010Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development National Heart and Lung Institute. Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago. Department of Radiology, Psychiatry, Nursery, Preventive Medicine and Medicine. Faculty of Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela  A Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asli","family":"Gelincik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezmi A.","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EAACI Patient Organisations Committee Chair  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulfem","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice of Allergy &amp; Clinical Immunology  Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Chivato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada \u2010 Nemesio D\u00edez (IMMA\u2010ND), Universidad San Pablo\u2010CEU, CEU Universities  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"del Giacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3774-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibon","family":"Eguiluz\u2010Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga. IBIMA\u2010Plataforma BIONAND. RICORS Inflammatory Diseases  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria M.","family":"Escribese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada \u2010 Nemesio D\u00edez (IMMA\u2010ND), Universidad San Pablo\u2010CEU, CEU Universities  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene H.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte and Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen K Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9566-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aspasia","family":"Karavelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department General Hospital of Kalamata  Kalamata Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8710-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Lavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit \u2010 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"M\u00fclleneisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma\u2010Allergiezentrum  Leverkusen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Pitsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3264-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Terreehorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\/Head\u2010Neck Surgery Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7584-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Tsabouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences University of Ioannina  Ioannina Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantza","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara  Guadalajara Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Davila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Salamanca and Allergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca  Salamanca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2017-204885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","article-title":"Addressing Allergy Undergraduate Education: Strategic Reforms for Specialist\u2010Led Allergy Teaching in Medical Curricula. 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