{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:09:42Z","timestamp":1789132182669,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010385","name":"Christine K\u00fchne \u2013 Center for Allergy Research and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Atopic dermatitis (AD) is primarily driven by a Type 2 immune response, with T helper (T\n                      <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                      2) cells producing IL\u20104 and IL\u201013, thereby promoting inflammation, itch, and a compromised skin barrier. Yet, the spatial organization of pathogenic immune cells and their interactions with stromal and epithelial compartments in human AD skin remain incompletely understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed 10\u00d7 Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics on FFPE skin biopsies from patients with AD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096), psoriasis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092), and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095). Data were integrated with AD single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) datasets and complemented by imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) to validate the spatial localization of immune cells. Cell\u2013cell communication analysis revealed putative signaling interactions within immune niches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spatial clustering resolved tissue compartments and demonstrated transcriptional dysregulation in keratinocytes in AD and psoriasis. AD lesions showed a conserved spatial organization of immune aggregates within the superficial dermis. Integration of scRNA\u2010seq signatures revealed spatially organized co\u2010localization of T cells and mature migratory dendritic cells (mmDCs). We developed a ring\u2010based neighborhood analysis to characterize the cellular organization of the immune\u2010stromal niches, revealing T cell\u2010enriched regions surrounded by inflammatory fibroblasts and activated keratinocytes. Intercellular communication analysis further identified putative signaling within mmDC\u2010T cell niches that may promote pathogenic T cell recruitment and activation. Application of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) signatures indicated the presence of TLS\u2010like regions. IMC and IF validated the close spatial proximity between activated T\n                      <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                      2 cells and mmDCs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AD lesions contain spatially organized TLS\u2010like immune niches at the dermal\u2010epidermal junction, characterized by the close association of T cells and mmDCs and coordinated interactions with surrounding stromal and epithelial compartments. These mmDC\u2010T cell niches may represent potential targets for future therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting persistent local inflammatory pathways and improving long\u2010term disease control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:36:58Z","timestamp":1789130218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial Transcriptomics Identifies Characteristic Immunological Niches in Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0489-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christine K\u00fchne\u2014Center for Allergy Research and Education  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern  Bern 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Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5378-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Wartenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Pathology Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3339-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Rhyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christine K\u00fchne\u2014Center for Allergy Research and Education  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0258-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schlapbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4806-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Traidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1637-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christine K\u00fchne\u2014Center for Allergy Research and Education  Davos Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Pathology Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern  Bern 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