{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:06:19Z","timestamp":1790129179445,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000403700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000403700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and heterogeneous responses to biologic therapies. Growing evidence implicates the gut\u2013lung axis in asthma pathophysiology; however, few studies have concurrently characterized gut and airway microbiomes in relation to treatment response in severe asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We profiled microbiomes of stool bacteria (STB), stool\u2010derived extracellular vesicles (STE), and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from 48 patients with severe asthma receiving dupilumab. Microbial composition, alpha diversity, and predicted functional profiles were compared across sample types and longitudinally according to treatment response. Associations between microbial features and asthma\u2010related clinical markers were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Distinct taxonomic and predicted functional signatures were identified across biological compartments. EBC samples were enriched in Proteobacteria, including\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and exhibited a higher predicted abundance of pathways related to two\u2010component systems and bacterial secretion systems. EBC microbial diversity was positively associated with baseline sputum eosinophil levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018), whereas stool microbial richness demonstrated a time\u2010dependent association with blood eosinophil counts after treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      for interaction\u2009=\u20090.023). Treatment responders exhibited lower abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Lachnospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      (STB\n                      <jats:italic>q\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.046; STE\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2013Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (STE\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038), and a higher relative abundance of the\n                      <jats:italic>Oscillospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      NK4A214 group (STB\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                      , STE\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in stool\u2010derived profiles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut and airway\u2010derived microbiomes appear to play complementary roles in severe asthma. Stool\u2010derived microbial features may reflect systemic inflammatory signals associated with treatment response, whereas airway\u2010derived microbial profiles reflect local airway inflammation. Integrating multi\u2010compartment microbiome data may improve the understanding of heterogeneity in biologic treatment response among patients with severe asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/all.70524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:52:04Z","timestamp":1790128324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stool and Airway Microbiome Signatures Associated With Treatment Response to Dupilumab in Severe Asthma: Findings From the\n                    <scp>PRISM<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u2010Eun","family":"Yie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics Seoul National University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2915-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunse","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong Duc","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6164-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chae Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6214-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon\u2010Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Healthcare Inc.  Gimpo\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chil\u2010Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MD Healthcare Inc.  Gimpo\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyouk\u2010Soo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo\u2010Jung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You Sook","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4814-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sei Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7961-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u2010Young","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taehoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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