{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:15:06Z","timestamp":1785474906584,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Toxic dose limits (mg.kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) for local anaesthetics based on body weight are well\u2010established, but calculation of the maximum safe volume (ml) of a given agent and formulation is complex, and frequently results in errors. We therefore developed a nomogram to perform this calculation. We compared the performance of the nomogram with a spreadsheet and a general purpose calculator using simulated clinical data. Bland\u2010Altman analysis showed close agreement between the nomogram and spreadsheet, with bias of \u22120.07\u00a0ml and limits of agreement of \u22120.38 to +0.24\u00a0ml (correlation coefficient r\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.9980; p\n                    <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\n                    <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001). The nomogram produced fewer and smaller errors compared with the calculator. Our nomogram calculates the maximum safe volume (ml) of local anaesthetic to a clinically acceptable degree of accuracy. It facilitates rapid cross\u2010checking of dosage calculations performed by electronic or other means at negligible cost, and can potentially reduce the incidence of local anaesthetic toxicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T08:03:31Z","timestamp":1399881811000},"page":"847-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A nomogram for calculating the maximum dose of local anaesthetic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"D. J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust Morriston Hospital Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board Ysbyty Gwynedd Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Local Anesthesia","author":"Malamed SF","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181ae72e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/9780198566090.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"The Nomogram: The Theory and Practical Construction of Computational Charts","author":"Allcock HJ","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Human Factors in Medical Device Design","author":"Weinger MB","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0710100703"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"Connecting For Health.Final Report For Use Of Tall Man Lettering To Minimise Selection Errors Of Medicine Names In Computer Prescribing And Dispensing Systems 2009.http:\/\/www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk\/systemsandservices\/eprescribing\/refdocs\/tallman.pdf(accessed 25\/01\/2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Management of Severe Local Anaesthetic Toxicity","author":"Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Accuracy (trueness and precision) of Measurement Methods and Results. 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