{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:52:00Z","timestamp":1761706320230,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]],"date-time":"2014-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Arterial cannulation is associated with complications including bacterial contamination, accidental intra\u2010arterial injection and blood spillage. We performed a series of audits and experiments to gauge the potential for these, as well as assess the possible contribution of a new device, the Needle\u2010Free Arterial Non\u2010Injectable Connector (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), in reducing these risks. The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    comprises a needle\u2010free connector that prevents blood spillage and a one\u2010way valve allowing aspiration only; once screwed onto the side port of a three\u2010way tap, the device can only be removed with difficulty. We performed a clinical audit of arterial monitoring systems in our intensive care unit, which showed an incidence of bacterial colonisation of five in 86 (6%) three\u2010way tap ports. We constructed a manikin simulation experiment of the management of acute bradycardia, in which trainee doctors were required to inject atropine intravenously. Ten of 15 (66%) doctors injected the drug into the three\u2010way tap of the arterial monitoring system rather than into the intravenous cannula or the central venous catheter. In a laboratory study, we replicated the arterial blood sampling and flushing sequence from a three\u2010way tap, with the syringes attached either directly to the three\u2010way tap port or to a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    attached to the port. The first (discard) syringe attached to the three\u2010way tap was contaminated with bacteria. Bacterial growth was found in 17 of 20 (85%) downstream flushed samples (corresponding to the patient's circulation) when the three\u2010way tap was accessed directly, compared to none of 20 accessed via the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Growth was found on all of 20 (100%) ports accessed directly compared to none of 20 accessed via the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    effectively prevents bacteria from contaminating sampling lines. As its design also prevents accidental intra\u2010arterial injection, we suggest that it can reduce complications of arterial monitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]],"date-time":"2014-10-11T18:48:28Z","timestamp":1413053308000},"page":"51-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Description of a new non\u2010injectable connector to reduce the complications of arterial blood sampling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"M. Z.","family":"Mariyaselvam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. E.","family":"Heij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Laba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Norfolk and Norwich Hospital Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. A.","family":"Maduakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine Norfolk and Norwich Hospital Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia York Teaching Hospital York UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.6.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2001.1586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0203000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181d4502e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05657.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.12884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.12884","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.12884","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.12884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:43:13Z","timestamp":1761684193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.12884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.12884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.12884","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-2409"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2044"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,11]]}}}