{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T17:43:07Z","timestamp":1770486187811,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A key figure in the development of anaesthesia in Russia was the surgeon Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810\u20131881). He experimented with ether and chloroform and organised the general introduction of anaesthesia in Russia for patients undergoing surgery. He was the first to perform systematic research into anaesthesia\u2010related morbidity and mortality. More specifically, he was one of the first to administer ether anaesthesia on the battlefield, where the principles of military medicine that he established remained virtually unchanged until the outbreak of the Second World War.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T04:23:01Z","timestamp":1415074981000},"page":"219-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov: a surgeon's contribution to military and civilian anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"I. F.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Executive Board Medical Faculty of Leiden Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Bovill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Executive Board Medical Faculty of Leiden Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Executive Board Medical Faculty of Leiden Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. S.","family":"Houwaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Ethics and Society University of Maastricht Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. C. W.","family":"Hogendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Executive Board Medical Faculty of Leiden Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM184611180351601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Illustrated History of Anesthesia","author":"Brandt L","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Inhalation of ether vapour as a remedy to destroy pain during surgery","volume":"15","year":"1847","journal-title":"Drug Zdraviya, Vrachebnaya Gazeta"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"The year 1847 in the life and works of N.I. 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Diary of an Old Physician","author":"Pirogov NI","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Pirogov","author":"Brezhnev AP","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Medical Report of a Journey to the Caucasus, Containing Statistical Comparison of Amputations, Experimental Research of the Injuries of Firearms, and a Detailed Display of the Results of Anaesthesia, Obtained on the Battlefield and in Different Hospitals in Russia","author":"Pirogov NI","year":"1849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Practical and Physiological Research on Etherization by N. 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Orlovsky","author":"Zhorov IS","year":"1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1959.tb13750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"The Crimean Doctors: A History of the British Medical Services in the Crimean War","author":"Shepherd J","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2005.04183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300063663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Scientific\u2010Popular Series Memoirs","author":"Pirogov NI","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"The role of N.I. 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