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Extensive evidence from pre\u2010clinical experiments and clinical studies in other patient groups suggests predominant harm, caused by oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, perfusion heterogeneity and myocardial injury. Whether these alterations are temporary and benign, or actually affect clinical outcome, remains to be demonstrated. In nine clinical cardiac surgical studies in low\u2010risk patients, higher oxygen targets tended to compromise cardiovascular function, but did not affect clinical outcome. No data about potential beneficial effects of hyperoxia, such as reduction of gas micro\u2010emboli or post\u2010cardiac surgery infections, were reported. Current evidence is insufficient to specify optimal oxygen targets. Nevertheless, the safety of supraphysiological oxygen suppletion is unproven. Randomised studies with a variety of oxygen targets and inclusion of high\u2010risk patients are needed to identify optimal oxygen targets during and after cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T10:00:36Z","timestamp":1441706436000},"page":"1307-1319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Cardiovascular effects of hyperoxia during and after cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"A. M. E.","family":"Spoelstra\u2010de Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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