{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:52:14Z","timestamp":1791381134890,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Surgery under apnoeic conditions with the use of high\u2010flow nasal oxygen is novel. Between November 2016 and May 2017, 28 patients underwent tubeless laryngeal or tracheal surgery under apnoeic conditions with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen as the sole method of gas exchange. Patients received total intravenous anaesthesia and neuromuscular blocking agents for the duration of their surgery. The median (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    [range]) apnoea time was 19 (15\u201324 [9\u201337])\u00a0min. Four patients experienced an episode of oxygen desaturation to a value between 85% and 90%, lasting less than 2 min in each case. Median (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    [range]) end\u2010tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) level following apnoea was 8.2 (7.2\u20139.4 [5.8\u201311.8])\u00a0kPa. The mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) rate of ETCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increase was 0.17 (0.07)\u00a0kPa.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    from an approximated baseline value of 5.00\u00a0kPa. Venous blood sampling from 19 patients demonstrated a mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      P\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 6.29 (0.71)\u00a0kPa at baseline and 9.44 (1.12)\u00a0kPa after 15\u00a0min of apnoea. This equates to a mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      P\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    rise of\u00a00.21 (0.08)\u00a0kPa.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    during this period. Mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was 7.40 (0.03) at baseline and 7.23 (0.04) after 15\u00a0min of apnoea. Mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) standard bicarbonate was 26.7 (1.8)\u00a0mmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at baseline and 25.4 (1.8)\u00a0mmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 15\u00a0min. We conclude that high\u2010flow nasal oxygen under apnoeic conditions can provide satisfactory gas exchange in order to allow tubeless anaesthesia for laryngeal surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]],"date-time":"2017-10-19T01:30:16Z","timestamp":1508376616000},"page":"1379-1387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Apnoeic oxygenation with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen for laryngeal surgery: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Anaesthesia for airway surgery","volume":"6","author":"English J","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-010-1711-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.1.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-194405000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pulmonary uptake of oxygen, acid\u2010base metabolism, and circulation during prolonged apnoea","volume":"212","author":"Holmdahl MH","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195911000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196105000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197312000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1103900620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00934.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1914.sp001659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-194709000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(89)90070-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(47)90093-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31613-5","article-title":"Disturbances in acid\u2010base balance during ether anesthesia; 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