{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1792802008962,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Traditional conscious sedation for endobronchial ultrasound procedures places patients at risk of desaturation, and high\u2010flow nasal oxygen may reduce the risk. We designed a parallel\u2010group randomised controlled trial of high\u2010flow nasal oxygen at a flow rate of 30\u201370 l.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    via nasal cannulae, compared with standard oxygen therapy at 10 l.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    via a bite block in adults planned for conscious sedation for endobronchial ultrasound. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing desaturation (defined as SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; 90%). Secondary outcomes included oxygen saturation after pre\u2010oxygenation, lowest oxygen saturation during procedure, number of hypoxic episodes, duration of hypoxia, end\u2010procedure end\u2010tidal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , satisfaction scores and complications. Thirty participants were allocated to each group. Baseline patient characteristics, procedure time and anaesthetic agents used were similar between the groups. Desaturation occurred in 4 out of 30 patients allocated to the high\u2010flow nasal oxygen group, compared with 10 out of 30 allocated to the standard oxygenation group, a non\u2010significant difference (p = 0.07) with intention to treat analysis. The difference was significant (p = 0.047) when using a per\u2010protocol analysis. Oxygen saturation after pre\u2010oxygenation and the lowest oxygen saturation during procedure were significantly higher in the high\u2010flow nasal oxygen group compared with the standard oxygenation group; median (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    [range] 100 (99\u2013100 [93\u2013100]) vs. 98 (97\u201399 [94\u2013100]), p = 0.0001 and 97.5 (94\u201399 [77\u2013100]) vs. 92 (88\u201395 [79\u201398]), p &lt; 0.001, respectively. There were no differences in other secondary outcomes. Although high\u2010flow nasal oxygen may prevent desaturation due to some causes, it does not protect against hypoxaemia in all circumstances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T06:43:18Z","timestamp":1511505798000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["A randomised controlled trial comparing high\u2010flow nasal oxygen with standard management for conscious sedation during bronchoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Nazeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mezzavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Krieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Steinfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.14156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:28:31Z","timestamp":1761683311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.14156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.14156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.14156","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]}}}