{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:38:45Z","timestamp":1791841125892,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Difficult Airway Society (DAS)"},{"name":"British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BAOMS)"},{"name":"British Association of Otorhinolaryngology"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-UK)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Throat packs are commonly inserted by anaesthetists after induction of anaesthesia for dental, maxillofacial, nasal or upper airway surgery. However, the evidence supporting this practice as routine is unclear, especially in the light of accidentally retained throat packs which constitute \u2018Never Events\u2019 as defined by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    England. On behalf of three relevant national organisations, we therefore conducted a systematic review and literature search to assess the evidence base for benefit, and also the extent and severity of complications associated with throat pack use. Other than descriptions of how to insert throat packs in many standard texts, we could find no study that sought to assess the benefit of their insertion by anaesthetists. Instead, there were many reports of minor and major complications (the latter including serious postoperative airway obstruction and at least one death), and many descriptions of how to avoid complications. As a result of these findings, the three national organisations no longer recommend the routine insertion of throat packs by anaesthetists but advise caution and careful consideration. Two protocols for pack insertion are presented, should their use be judged necessary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T23:42:49Z","timestamp":1515627769000},"page":"612-618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Systematic review of benefits or harms of routine anaesthetist\u2010inserted throat packs in adults: practice recommendations for inserting and counting throat packs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Athanassoglou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ninewells Hospital Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warrington Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cheshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Dover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University Hospital Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Victoria Hospital Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199564217.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199609956.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.5.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6093.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13290"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"NHS England. 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National Patient Safety Agency.2009:1\u201312.http:\/\/www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk\/resources\/?entryid45=59853(accessed 15\/10\/2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318241b4ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Post\u2010extubation foreign body aspiration: a case report","volume":"65","author":"Walton SL","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Association of Nurse Anesthetists' Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1687-7934.139527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/30.5.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2006.04868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01976-19.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Acute tongue enlargement secondary to pharyngeal packing after tracheal intubation \u2013 a case report","volume":"21","author":"Sharma PK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(90)90297-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"806","article-title":"Residual throat pack \u2013 a further method of prevention","volume":"52","author":"Burden RJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Prevention of trauma associated with throat pack insertion","volume":"52","author":"Parry MG","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199501000-00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"A technique for removing an impacted postnasal pack","volume":"57","author":"Weston B","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109004356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.02865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0b013e31822e8194","article-title":"Current practice and opinions regarding the use of oropharyngeal throat packs in the United Kingdom","volume":"7","author":"Bisease B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Patient Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2016.v106i9.11082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1973.tb00456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2001.0753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109004356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","unstructured":"CookT WoodallN FrerkC.Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society: Major Complications of Airway Management in the United Kingdom.London:The Royal College of Anaesthetists 2011.http:\/\/www.rcoa.ac.uk\/system\/files\/CSQ-NAP4-Section2.pdf. 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