{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1790704177009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"PROSPERO","award":["CRD 42017076890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRD 42017076890"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Postoperative sore throat negatively affects patient satisfaction and recovery. Numerous randomised trials have tested the efficacy of corticosteroids applied to tracheal tubes to prevent postoperative sore throat. We searched PubMed,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang Database, and the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database from inception to 7 December 2017. We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids applied to tracheal tubes, compared either with non\u2010analgesic controls and analgesic agents, in adults undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. We pooled the data using a random\u2010effects model and assessed the risk of random error by applying trial sequential analysis. Our primary outcomes were postoperative sore throat 24 h after surgery\/extubation, and adverse events. The evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. We included 20 randomised controlled trials involving 2200 patients. Compared with non\u2010analgesic controls, corticosteroids applied to tracheal tubes were associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat, risk ratio (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) 0.39 (0.32\u20130.49) (18 trials, 1506 patients). Two randomised trials reported no adverse events. Compared with lidocaine, corticosteroids applied to tracheal tubes were associated with reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat, risk ratio (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) 0.42 (0.35\u20130.51) (nine trials, 706 patients). Trial sequential analyses suggested the presence of firm evidence that corticosteroids applied to tracheal tubes were superior both to non\u2010analgesic controls and lidocaine, in preventing postoperative sore throat. Evidence for postoperative sore throat for both comparisons was assessed as high quality. Only two trials sought adverse events; none were recorded.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]],"date-time":"2018-03-25T14:03:33Z","timestamp":1521986613000},"page":"1546-1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Topical application of corticosteroids to tracheal tubes to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Centre Kurashiki Central Hospital Kurashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Kurashiki Central Hospital Kurashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199909000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.4.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199710000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.02329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200111000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946507400318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197809000-00013","article-title":"Tracheal pathology following short\u2010term intubation with low\u2010 and high\u2010pressure tracheal tube cuffs","volume":"57","author":"Loeser EA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Histopathology of tracheal intubation. 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