{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:00:34Z","timestamp":1784847634754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10047088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10047088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002582","name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although surrogate measures to quantify pain intensity have been commercialised, there is a need to develop a new index with improved accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop a new analgesic index using nasal photoplethysmography data. The specially designed sensor was placed between the columella and the nasal septum to acquire nasal photoplethysmography in surgical patients. Nasal photoplethysmography and Surgical Pleth Index\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (GE Healthcare) data were obtained for 14\u00a0min both in the absence (pre\u2010operatively) or presence (postoperatively) of pain in a group of surgical patients, each patient acting as their own control. Various dynamic photoplethysmography variables were extracted to quantify pain intensity; the most accurate index was selected using logistic regression as a classifier. The area under the curve of the receiver\u2010operating characteristic curve was measured to evaluate the accuracy of final model predictions. In total, 12,012 heart beats from 89 patients were used to develop a new Nasal Photoplethysmography Index for analgesic depth quantification. The two\u2010variable model (a combination of diastolic peak point variation and heart beat interval variation) was most accurate in discriminating between the presence and absence of pain (numerical rating scale (NRS) \u2265\u00a03). The accuracy and area under the curve of the receiver\u2010operating characteristic curve for the Nasal Photoplethysmography Index were 75.3% and 0.8018, respectively, and 64.8% and 0.7034, respectively, for the Surgical Pleth Index. The Nasal Photoplethysmography Index clearly distinguished pain (NRS \u2265\u00a03) in awake surgical patients with postoperative pain. The Nasal Photoplethysmography Index performed better than the Surgical Pleth Index. Further validation studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility to quantify pain intensity during general anaesthesia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T03:20:57Z","timestamp":1527045657000},"page":"1123-1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Development of a new analgesic index using nasal photoplethysmography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"B. M.","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering Institute of Integrated Technology Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Chonnam National University Yeosu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Drug Development Center Osong Medical Innovation Foundation Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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