{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:50:05Z","timestamp":1770137405705,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cricoid force is widely applied to decrease the risk of pulmonary aspiration and gastric antral insufflation of air during positive\u2010pressure ventilation, yet its efficacy remains controversial. We compared manual oesophageal compression at the low left paratracheal and cricoid levels for the prevention of gastric antral air insufflation during positive\u2010pressure ventilation by facemask in patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. After gaining written consent, participants were randomly allocated by sealed envelope to one of three groups: oesophageal compression by 30 N paratracheal force (paratracheal group); oesophageal compression by 30 N cricoid force (cricoid group); or no oesophageal compression (control group). Gastric insufflation of air was assessed before and after positive\u2010pressure ventilation by ultrasound measurement of the antral cross\u2010sectional area and\/or presence of air artefacts in the antrum. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants with ultrasound evidence of gastric insufflation. We recruited 30 patients into each group. Before facemask ventilation, no air artefacts were visible in the antrum in any of the participants. After facemask ventilation of the participant's lungs, no air artefacts were seen in the paratracheal group, compared with six subjects in the cricoid group and eight subjects in the control group (p = 0.012). Our results suggest that oesophageal compression can be achieved by the application of manual force at the low left paratracheal level and that this is more effective than cricoid force in preventing air entry into the gastric antrum during positive\u2010pressure ventilation by facemask.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T23:08:33Z","timestamp":1538780913000},"page":"22-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The effect of force applied to the left paratracheal oesophagus on air entry into the gastric antrum during positive\u2010pressure ventilation using a facemask"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Gautier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Louvain St Luc Hospital Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Danklou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Liege University Hospital Liege Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Brichant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Liege University Hospital Liege Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Vandepitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Algology ZOL Genk Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York School of Regional Anesthesia (NYSORA) New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hadzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Algology ZOL Genk Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service D'Anesthesie Clinique St Anne\u2010St Remi CHIREC Bruxelles Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92485-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197403000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199304000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199502000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03017931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200307000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2011.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90569-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"The prevention of gastric inflation \u2013 a neglected benefit of cricoid pressure","volume":"16","author":"Petito SP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181b05404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/74.5.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"The effect of cricoid pressure on glottic view improvement at laryngoscopy","volume":"60","author":"Haslam N","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Anaesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.14442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T22:35:34Z","timestamp":1761690934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.14442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.14442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.14442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}