{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:53:10Z","timestamp":1790059990976,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pre\u2010hospital transfusion of blood products is a vital component of many advanced pre\u2010hospital systems. Portable fluid warmers may be utilised to help prevent hypothermia, but the limits defined by manufacturers often do not reflect their clinical use. The primary aim of this randomised in\u2010vitro study was to assess the warming performance of four portable blood warming devices (Thermal Angel, Hypotherm X\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , \u00b0M Warmer, Buddy Lite) against control at different clinically\u2010relevant flow rates. The secondary aim was to assess haemolysis rates between devices at different flow rates. We assessed each of the four devices and the control, at flow rates of 50\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 100\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 200\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , using a controlled perfusion circuit with multisite temperature monitoring. Free haemoglobin concentration, a marker of haemolysis, was measured at multiple points during each initial study run with spectrophotometry. At all flow rates, the four devices provided superior warming performance compared with the control (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Only the \u00b0M Warmer provided a substantial change in temperature at all flow rates (mean (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) temperature change of 21.1 (19.8\u201322.4)\u00a0\u00b0C, 20.4 (19.1\u201321.8)\u00a0\u00b0C and 19.4 (17.7\u201321.1)\u00a0\u00b0C at 50\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 100\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 200\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively). There was no association between warming and haemolysis with any device (p\u00a0=\u00a00.949) or flow rate (p\u00a0=\u00a00.169). Practical issues, which may be relevant to clinical use, also emerged during testing. Our results suggest that there were significant differences in the performance of portable blood warming devices used at flow rates encountered in clinical practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T03:41:21Z","timestamp":1557200481000},"page":"1026-1032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of portable blood\u2010warming devices under simulated pre\u2010hospital conditions: a randomised in\u2010vitro blood circuit study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6070-9466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Weatherall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CareFlight Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perfusion Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CareFlight Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tetlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CareFlight Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CareFlight Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-0045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000199961.02677.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000069184.82147.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000225403.15722.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"The trauma triad of death: hypothermia, 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