{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:51:22Z","timestamp":1761695482579,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The use of uncoated aluminium\u2010heated plates in an intravenous fluid\u2010warming system has been shown to produce high levels of aluminium in Sterofundin 1\/1E, a balanced crystalloid solution. However, the effect of this fluid\u2010warming device on other balanced crystalloid solutions and blood products has not been studied. Using mass spectrometry we measured aluminium levels in Plasma\u2010Lyte 148, compound sodium lactate solution, 4% human albumin solution, expired resuspended packed red cells and fresh frozen plasma that were pumped through an enFlow\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    fluid\u2010warming system at 2\u00a0ml.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Samples were taken at baseline before heating and then at 10\u2010min intervals up to 60\u00a0min with the system set to warm the fluids to 40\u00a0\u00b0C. High concentrations of aluminium were found for Plasma\u2010Lyte 148 and compound sodium lactate solutions (mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) 223 (0.6) \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 163 (0.2) \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 60\u00a0min, respectively); both concentrations were significantly greater than the United States Food and Drug Administration recommended maximum limit for aluminium in intravenous nutrition of 25\u00a0\u03bcg.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (0.9 \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Lower aluminium levels were found in 4% human albumin solutions, expired resuspended red cells and fresh frozen plasma at 60\u00a0min (mean (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) 5.7 (0.1) \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 2.7 (0.0) \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 2.3 (0.4) \u03bcmol.l\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively). The process allowing addition of aluminium to be added to Sterofundin 1\/1E by the enFlow fluid warmer also occurs in Plasma\u2010Lyte 148 and compound sodium lactate solutions and to a lesser degree in blood products. The exact mechanism facilitating this process and its clinical significance remain unclear.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:19:50Z","timestamp":1557274790000},"page":"1374-1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterisation of aluminium release by the enFlow\u00ae fluid\u2010warming system in crystalloids and blood products"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"M. H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Middlemore Hospital Counties Manukau Health Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Middlemore Hospital Counties Manukau Health Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabPlus Auckland District Health Board Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. N.","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Peri\u2010operative Medicine Auckland District Health Board Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Aluminium release by coated and uncoated fluid\u2010warming devices","volume":"112","author":"Perl T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"NICE.Hypothermia: prevention and management in adults having surgery. Clinical guideline [CG65]. In: NICE Clinical Guideline.2016.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg65: NICE Clinical Guideline. 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