{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:50:41Z","timestamp":1761897041551,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Phase lag entropy, an electro\u2010encephalography\u2010based hypnotic depth indicator, calculates diversity in temporal patterns of phase relationship. We compared the performance of phase lag entropy with the bispectral index\u2122 in 30 patients scheduled for elective surgery. We initiated a target\u2010controlled infusion of propofol using the Schnider model, and assessed sedation levels using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness\/Sedation scale every 30\u00a0s with each stepwise increase in the effect\u2010site propofol concentration. Phase lag entropy and bispectral index values were recorded. The correlation coefficient and prediction probability between phase lag entropy or bispectral index and the sedation level or effect\u2010site propofol concentration were analysed. We calculated baseline variabilities of phase lag entropy and bispectral index. In addition, we applied a non\u2010linear mixed\u2010effects model to obtain the pharmacodynamic relationships among the effect\u2010site propofol concentration, phase lag entropy or bispectral index and sedation level. As sedation increased, phase lag entropy and bispectral index both decreased. The prediction probability values of phase lag entropy and bispectral index for sedation levels were 0.697 and 0.700 (p\u00a0=\u00a00.261) and for the effect\u2010site concentration of propofol were 0.646 and 0.630 (p\u00a0=\u00a00.091), respectively. Baseline variability in phase lag entropy and bispectral index was 3.3 and 5.7, respectively. The predicted propofol concentrations, using the Schnider pharmacokinetic model, producing a 50% probability of moderate and deep sedation were 1.96 and 3.01\u00a0\u03bcg.ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. Phase lag entropy was found to be useful as a hypnotic depth indicator in patients receiving propofol sedation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T06:28:14Z","timestamp":1558333694000},"page":"1033-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phase lag entropy as a hypnotic depth indicator during propofol sedation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Busan Paik Hospital Inje University Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University of College of Medicine Anyang Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Y.","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. J.","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418031112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017041108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221180110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<194::AID-HBM4>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/17120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35067550"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s101210896"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200207000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"244","article-title":"Validity and reliability of\u00a0the Observer's Assessment of Alertness\/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam","volume":"10","author":"Cernik DA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199805000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2311996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199601000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960615)15:11<1199::AID-SIM218>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31829103f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012216600170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199401000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(24)15049-0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic models for the saturable distribution of paclitaxel","volume":"27","author":"Karlsson MO","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Metabolism and Disposition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05059.x"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.14704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14704","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.14704","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14704","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1761693861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.14704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.14704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.14704","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-2409"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2044"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}