{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:38:41Z","timestamp":1787927921501,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Emergency front\u2010of\u2010neck access to achieve a percutaneous airway can be a life\u2010saving intervention, but there is debate about the preferred technique. This prospective, observational study was designed to compare the two most common emergency surgical airway techniques in a wet lab simulation using an ovine model. Forty\u2010three doctors participated. After providing standardised reading, a lecture and dry lab benchtop training, participants progressed to a high\u2010fidelity wet lab simulation. Participants entered an operating theatre where a \u2018cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate\u2019 situation had been declared and were directed to perform emergency front\u2010of\u2010neck access: first with a cannula technique (14\u2010gauge cannula insertion with ventilation using a Rapid\u2010O2\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    cricothyroidotomy insufflation device); and subsequently, a scalpel\u2010bougie technique (surgical incision, bougie insertion into trachea and then tracheal tube passed over bougie, with ventilation using a self\u2010inflating bag). The primary end\u2010point was time from declaration of \u2018cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate\u2019 to delivery of oxygen via a correctly placed percutaneous device. If a cannula or tracheal tube was not placed within 240\u00a0s, the attempt was marked as a failure. There was one failure for the cannula approach and 15 for the scalpel\u2010bougie technique (OR 0.07 (95%\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    0.00\u20130.43); p &lt;0.001). Median (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    [range]) time to oxygenation, if successful, was 65 (57\u201378 [28\u2013160]) s for the cannula approach and 90 (74\u2013115 [40\u2013265]) s for the scalpel\u2010bougie technique (p=0.005). In this ovine model, emergency front\u2010of\u2010neck access using a cannula had a lower chance of failure and (when successful) shorter time to first oxygen delivery compared with a scalpel\u2010bougie technique.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T20:00:40Z","timestamp":1559678440000},"page":"1153-1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Time to oxygenation for cannula\u2010 and scalpel\u2010based techniques for emergency front\u2010of\u2010neck access: a wet lab simulation using an ovine model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"K. A.","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Monash Medical Centre Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. J.","family":"O'Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Monash Medical Centre Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Wawryk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Townsville Hospital Townsville QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gotmaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. K.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Monash Medical Centre Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. D. J.","family":"Woonton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Monash Medical Centre Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2009.05888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"ANZCA.Guidelines for the management of evolving airway obstruction: transition to the can't intubate can't oxygenate airway emergency.2016.http:\/\/www.anzca.edu.au\/getattachment\/resources\/professional-documents\/ps61_guideline_airway_cognitive_aid_2016.pdf(accessed 12\/02\/2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"4th National Audit Project of the The Royal College of Anaesthetists and The Difficult Airway Society.Major complications of airway management in the United Kingdom Report and Findings. Royal College of Anaesthetists London.2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"CICO and front of neck access.2016.http:\/\/www.anzca.edu.au\/front-page-news\/cico-and-front-of-neck-access(accessed 01\/03\/2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1804600114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200003000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0183-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0648-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31824970ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0647-5"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.14706","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14706","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.14706","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.14706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:24:06Z","timestamp":1761701046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.14706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.14706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.14706","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}