{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:12:29Z","timestamp":1791126749971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tracheal tubes are routinely used in adults undergoing elective surgery. The size of the tracheal tube, defined by its internal diameter, is often generically selected according to sex, with 7\u20137.5\u00a0mm and 8\u20138.5\u00a0mm tubes recommended in women and men, respectively. Tracheal diameter in adults is highly variable, being narrowest at the subglottis, and is affected by height and sex. The outer diameter of routinely used tracheal tubes may exceed these dimensions, traumatise the airway and increase the risk of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. These complications disproportionately affect women and may be mitigated by using smaller tracheal tubes (6\u20136.5\u00a0mm). Patient safety concerns about using small tracheal tubes are based on critical care populations undergoing prolonged periods of tracheal intubation and not patients undergoing elective surgery. The internal diameter of the tube corresponds to its clinical utility. Tracheal tubes as small as 6.0\u00a0mm will accommodate routinely used intubation aids, suction devices and slim\u2010line fibreoptic bronchoscopes. Positive pressure ventilation may be performed without increasing the risk of ventilator\u2010induced lung injury or air trapping, even when high minute volumes are required. There is also no demonstrable increased risk of aspiration or cuff pressure damage when using smaller tracheal tubes. Small tracheal tubes may not be safe in all patients, such as those with high secretion loads and airflow limitation. A balanced view of risks and benefits should be taken appropriate to the clinical context, to select the smallest tracheal tube that permits safe peri\u2010operative management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T10:32:43Z","timestamp":1589625163000},"page":"1529-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Tracheal tube size in adults undergoing elective surgery \u2013 a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Karmali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-8-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415608867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940711600308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0720-048X(95)00610-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.5.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414549154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00440.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(95)90008-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818794456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1604400603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Shrinkage of muscle fibres during the fixation of cadaveric tissue","volume":"160","author":"Cutts A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000260136.53694.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1647","volume-title":"Miller's Anaesthesia","author":"Ca H","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/58.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104205.96219.D6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200404000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199612000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/51.4.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0432-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.4.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198201000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"The Australian incident monitoring study. Problems related to the endotracheal tube: an analysis of, incident reports","volume":"1993","author":"Szekely SM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2006.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.3.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.96-10057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198612000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1998.00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196201000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","first-page":"758","article-title":"AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines. Endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients with artificial airways 2010","volume":"55","author":"American Association for Respiratory Care","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respiratory Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199603000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318292ee21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198155060-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.61.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197502000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.5.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2145-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989670093-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418790348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200305000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/50.6.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.1.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947108000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2015.8.4.409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348946507400318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198506000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1847-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prolonged endotracheal intubation","volume":"33","author":"Lindholm CE","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198403000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195309000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.89-az0091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021505000529"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181f2ecc7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-1433.2001.02230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2012.02771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2012.02768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200308000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","first-page":"CD004081","article-title":"Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat","author":"Tanaka Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-013-1057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182639d5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200308000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200609000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198709000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198511000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199004000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00124-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2130-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2006.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2009.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199909000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199905000-00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196607000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3645.817"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fanae.15041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.15041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:16:26Z","timestamp":1761671786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.15041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.15041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}