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This phenomenon was first described in humans in the mid\u201020th century but has seen renewed interest in the last decade following the demonstration of apnoeic oxygenation with low\u2010flow, and subsequently high\u2010flow, nasal oxygen. This narrative review summarises our understanding of apnoeic oxygenation in the paediatric population. We examine the evidence supporting oxygenation via tracheal tube, modified laryngoscopes and nasal cannulae. The evidence for prolongation of safe apnoea time at induction of anaesthesia is also appraised. We explore the capacity for carbon dioxide clearance, flow rate selection with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen and complications associated with the technique. It remains uncertain whether apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric patients results in a meaningful clinical benefit compared with standard care for outcomes such as the number of tracheal intubation attempts or the incidence of hypoxaemia. In particular, the role of apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric difficult airway management is unclear as this has not been the targeted focus of any published research to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T10:29:20Z","timestamp":1593253760000},"page":"118-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Apnoeic oxygenation in paediatric anaesthesia: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Children\u2019s Health Ireland at Crumlin Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"LevitanRM.NO DESAT!. 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