{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:42:37Z","timestamp":1787060557844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005111","name":"Rigshospitalet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High\u2010flow nasal oxygen is increasingly used for oxygenation during apnoea. Extending apnoea duration using this technique has mainly been investigated during minor laryngeal surgery, but it is unclear how long it can be administered for before it should be discontinued due to acidosis. We aimed to describe the dynamics of arterial blood gases during apnoeic oxygenation with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen with jaw thrust only, to explore the limits of this technique. We included adult orthopaedic patients scheduled for general anaesthesia. After pre\u2010oxygenation, anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade was induced and high\u2010flow nasal oxygen (70\u00a0l.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was continued with jaw thrust as the only means of airway management, with monitoring of vital signs and arterial blood gas sampling every 5\u00a0minutes. Apnoeic oxygenation with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen was discontinued when arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) exceeded 12\u00a0kPa or pH fell to 7.15.\u00a0This technique was used in 35 patients and median (IQR [range]) apnoea time was 25 (20\u201330 [20\u201345]) min and was discontinued in all patients when pH fell to 7.15. The mean (SD) PaCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    increase was 0.25 (0.06) kPa.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    but it varied substantially (range 0.13\u20130.35\u00a0kPa.min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Mean (SD) arterial oxygen tension was 48.6 (11.8) kPa when high\u2010flow nasal oxygen was stopped. Patients with apnoea time &gt;\u00a025\u00a0minutes were significantly older (p\u00a0=\u00a00.025).\u00a0We conclude that apnoeic oxygenation with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen resulted in a significant respiratory acidosis that varies substantially on the individual level, but oxygenation was maintained.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T02:24:55Z","timestamp":1605147895000},"page":"798-804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Exploring the limits of prolonged apnoea with high\u2010flow nasal oxygen: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Z. M.","family":"Piosik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital Hiller\u00f8d Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. S.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1103900620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199606000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-019-02697-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195911000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197312000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196105000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199208000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813486248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15224"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.15277","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:28:48Z","timestamp":1785781728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.15277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.15277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}