{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:21:56Z","timestamp":1790770916768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anaemia is common, particularly in women and the commonest underlying cause, iron deficiency, is often overlooked. Anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing anaesthesia; however, women are defined as being anaemic at a lower haemoglobin level than men. In this narrative review, we present the history of iron deficiency anaemia and how women\u2019s health has often been overlooked. Iron deficiency was first described as \u2018chlorosis\u2019 and a cause of \u2018hysteria\u2019 in women and initial treatment was by iron filings in cold wine. We present data of population screening demonstrating how common iron deficiency is, affecting 12\u201318% of apparently \u2018fit and healthy\u2019 women, with the most common cause being heavy menstrual bleeding; both conditions being often unrecognised. We describe a range of symptoms reported by women, that vary from fatigue to brain fog, hair loss and eating ice. We also describe experiments exploring the physical impact of iron deficiency, showing that reduced exercise performance is related to iron deficiency independent of haemoglobin concentration, as well as the impact of iron supplementation in women improving oxygen consumption and fitness. Overall, we demonstrate the need to single out women and investigate iron deficiency rather than accept the dogma of normality and differential treatment; this is to say, the need to change the current standard of care for women undergoing anaesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T01:04:03Z","timestamp":1615165443000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The misogyny of iron deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Dugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Cabolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroinflammation University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Abeysiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroinflammation University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroinflammation University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Women's Health research Collaborative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"A sketch of the history of the treatment of chlorosis with iron","volume":"1","author":"Christian HA","year":"1903","journal-title":"Medical Library and Historical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Observations on chlorosis and its complications","volume":"1","author":"Ashwell S","year":"1836","journal-title":"Guy\u2019s Hospital Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1936.02770170029010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Sur les maladies chlorotiques et sur un mode de traitement specifique dans ces affections","volume":"45","author":"Blaud P","year":"1832","journal-title":"La Revue de M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04529.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Technical Report Series No. 182: Iron Deficiency Anemia; Report of a Study Group.Geneva:World Health Organization1959;182."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Anaemias WN.Technical Report Series No 405. 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