{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:01:47Z","timestamp":1791248507491,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT203132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT203132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this article, we describe an extension of general anaesthesia \u2013 beyond facilitating surgery \u2013 to the relief of suffering during dying. Some refractory symptoms at the end of life (pain, delirium, distress, dyspnoea) might be managed by analgesia, but in high doses, adverse effects (e.g. respiratory depression) can hasten death. Sedation may be needed for agitation or distress and can be administered as continuous deep sedation (also referred to as terminal or palliative sedation) generally using benzodiazepines. However, for some patients these interventions are not enough, and others may express a clear desire to be completely unconscious as they die. We summarise the historical background of an established practice that we refer to as \u2018general anaesthesia in end\u2010of\u2010life care\u2019. We discuss its contexts and some ethical and legal issues that it raises, arguing that these are largely similar issues to those already raised by continuous deep sedation. To be a valid option, general anaesthesia in end\u2010of\u2010life care will require a clear multidisciplinary framework and consensus practice guidelines. We see these as an impending development for which the specialty should prepare. General anaesthesia in end\u2010of\u2010life care raises an important debate about the possible role of anaesthesia in the relief of suffering beyond the context of surgical\/diagnostic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T15:50:19Z","timestamp":1619020219000},"page":"1308-1315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["General anaesthesia in end\u2010of\u2010life care: extending the indications for anaesthesia beyond surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Takla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics Faculty of Philosophy University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Savulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics Faculty of Philosophy University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. J. C.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics Faculty of Philosophy University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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