{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:45:30Z","timestamp":1780566330249,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Different introducers are available to assist with tracheal intubation. Subtle differences in the design of introducers can have a marked effect on safety and performance. The Difficult Airway Society\u2019s Airway Device Evaluation Project Team proposal states that devices should only be purchased for which there is at least a case\u2013control study on patients assessing airway devices. However, resources are not currently available to carry out a case\u2013control study on all introducers available on the market. This study comprised a laboratory and manikin\u2010based investigation to identify introducers that could be suitable for clinical investigation. We included six different introducers in laboratory\u2010based assessments (design characteristics) and manikin\u2010based assessments involving the participation of 30 anaesthetists. Each anaesthetist attempted placement in the manikin\u2019s trachea with each of the six introducers in a random order. Outcomes included first\u2010time insertion success rate; insertion success rate; number of attempts; time to placement; and distance placed. Each anaesthetist also completed a questionnaire. First\u2010time insertion success rate depended significantly on the introducer used (p\u2009=\u20090.0016) and varied from 47% (Armstrong and P3) to 77% (Intersurgical and Frova). Median time to placement (including oesophageal placement) varied from 10\u2009s (Eschmann and Frova) to 20\u2009s (P3) (p\u2009=\u20090.0025). Median time to successful placement in the trachea varied from 9\u2009s (Frova) to 22\u2009s (Armstrong) (p\u2009=\u20090.037). We found that the Armstrong and P3 devices were not as acceptable as other introducers and, without significant improvements to their design and characteristics, the use of these devices in studies on patients is questionable. The study protocol is suitable for differentiating between different introducers and could be used as a basis for assessing other types of devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T19:52:00Z","timestamp":1638561120000},"page":"293-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An assessment of introducers used for airway management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hodzovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Varadarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthetics Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05745.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.03289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.02871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2009.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-9356(10)70289-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/175114371201300214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9763-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures","author":"Sheskin DJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Siegel S","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21853\/JHD.2017.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21853\/JHD.2018.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Core Topics in Airway Management","author":"Sorbello M","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.011"}],"container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anae.15624","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anae.15624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:12:12Z","timestamp":1761675132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anae.15624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anae.15624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.15624","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2409","1365-2044"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2409","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2044","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}