{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1777302962963,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004695","name":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004695","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ability to combine and use drugs in a single infusion device may be useful in resource\u2010limited settings. This study examined the chemical stability of an opioid\u2010sparing mixture of ketamine, lidocaine and magnesium sulphate when combined in a single syringe. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry were performed on six syringes containing the three\u2010drug mixture. Since most opioid\u2010sparing techniques typically rely on a 24\u2010hour infusion regime, we tested stability at the initial admixing and 24\u2009hours later. Stability was defined as a measured drug concentration within 10% of expected, with the absence of precipitation or pH alterations. Pharmacokinetic simulations were conducted to further show that the achieved plasma drug concentrations were well within an effective analgesic range. All mixed drug concentration measurements were within the required 10% reference limit. No obvious precipitation or interaction occurred, and pH remained stable. Drug stability was maintained for 24\u2009hours. Pharmacokinetic simulations showed that ketamine and lidocaine were within their minimum analgesic effect concentrations. Our results show that this three\u2010drug mixture is chemically stable for up to 24\u2009hours after mixing, with a pharmacokinetic simulation illustrating safe, clinically useful predicted plasma concentrations when using the described admixture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T01:04:53Z","timestamp":1661821493000},"page":"1202-1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Compatibility and stability of an admixture of multiple anaesthetic drugs for opioid\u2010free anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6962-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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