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We linked hospital and community pharmacy data for surgical patients who were dispensed discharge opioids between 1 January 2016 and 30 September 2021. Patients were grouped by opioid experience (\u2018opioid\u2010naive\u2019 having received no opioids in the 3\u00a0months before discharge) and formulation of discharge opioid (immediate release only or modified release\u2009\u00b1\u2009immediate release). Mixed\u2010effects logistic regression models predicted persistence (continued use of any opioid at 90\u2009days after discharge), controlling for key persistence risk factors. Of the 122,836 patients, 2.31% opioid\u2010naive and 27.24% opioid\u2010experienced patients met the criteria for persistence. For opioid\u2010naive patients receiving immediate release opioids, there was no significant effect of opioid type. Tapentadol modified release was associated with significantly lower odds of persistence compared with oxycodone modified release, OR (95%CI) 0.81 (0.69\u20130.94) for opioid\u2010naive patients and 0.81 (0.71\u20130.93) for opioid\u2010experienced patients. Among patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery (n\u00a0=\u00a019,832), regardless of opioid experience or opioid formulation, the odds of persistence were significantly lower for those who received tapentadol compared with oxycodone. This was one of the largest and most extensive studies of persistent postoperative opioid use, and the first that specifically examined persistence with tapentadol. There appeared to be lower odds of persistence for tapentadol compared with oxycodone among key subgroups, including patients prescribed modified release opioids and those undergoing orthopaedic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T20:40:53Z","timestamp":1671482453000},"page":"420-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of discharge opioid on persistent postoperative opioid use: a retrospective cohort study comparing tapentadol with oxycodone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Frankston VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NostraData  Kew VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Treloar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NostraData  Kew VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA  St Leonards NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IQVIA  St Leonards NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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